Ch. 3 HA

Question 1

Represents a national movement to recapture the respect and goodwill of the American public

Answer 1

Patient-focused care (PFC)

Question 2

Refers to observable and measurable signs of life

Answer 2

Vital signs

Question 3

An easy and effective way to measure heart rate; recorded as beats per minute (bpm)

Answer 3

Pulse

Question 4

Device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils

Answer 4

Nasal cannula

Question 5

Heart rate less than 60bpm arising from disease in the heart’s electrical conduction system

Answer 5

Bradycardia

Question 6

Convenient, noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood

Answer 6

Oximetry

Question 7

Process of inhaling and exhaling air

Answer 7

Respiration

Question 8

Shortness of breath of the feeling of not getting enough air, which may leave a person gasping

Answer 8

Dyspnea

Question 9

Spontaneous breathing that stops for any reason; it may be temporary, starting and stopping at intervals, or prolonged

Answer 9

Apnea

Question 10

Surgical procedure to create an opening to allow passage of contents of the urinary bladder or bowel through the abdominal wall

Answer 10

Ostomy

Question 11

Exists when systolic pressure is above 140mmHg, while diastolic pressure remains below 90mmHg

Answer 11

Isolated systolic hypertension

Question 12

Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Answer 12

Pulse pressure

Question 13

The practice of giving liquid substances directly into a vein

Answer 13

Intravenous (IV) therapy

Question 14

Refers to using the correct muscles to complete a task safely, efficiently, and without undue strain on any joints or muscles

Answer 14

Body mechanics

Question 15

Basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risks of infection spread through these transmission modes; airborne infections, droplet infections, and contact infections

Answer 15

Standard precautions

Question 16

Hospital acquired infetion

Answer 16

Nosocomial infection

Question 17

What is the most important facet of being a sonographer?

Answer 17

Seeing the patient as the primary focus

Question 18

Despite you personal or philosophical concerns, you must be considerate of the patient’s

Answer 18

Age, cultural traditions, personal values, and lifestyle

Question 19

Examples of vital signs include

Answer 19

Pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure

Question 20

Strenuous exercise, coronary artery disease, and electrolyte imbalances in the blood can cause

Answer 20

Arrythmias

Question 21

When a pulse is taken, which artery is usually palpated?

Answer 21

Radial

Question 22

A normal pulse oximetry reading for a person breathing room air is

Answer 22

High 90’s %

Question 23

Normal respiration occurs at a rate of 15 to ______breaths per minute

Answer 23

20

Question 24

As blood travels away from the heart, the pressure of the circulating blood ________, spreading through arteries and capillaries and back toward the heart through the veins

Answer 24

Decreases

Question 25

The primary function of respiration is to obtain oxygen for use by the body's cells and to eliminate the cell's production of

Answer 25

Carbon dioxide

Question 26

In measuring blood pressure, the higher number is the _______pressure, which occurs when the ventricles contract to pump blood to the body; the lower number is the _______ pressure, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filling with blood

Answer 26

Systolic, Diastolic

Question 27

Describe the findings when a patient has an infitrated IV tubing

Answer 27

If the needle is accidentally dislodged, the IV fluid may enter the surrounding tissue rather than the vein. The patient man complain of discomfort, and you may observe swelling (edema) of the tissues around the infection site. Clamp off the flow, and notify the nursing staff for instructions and to determine if you should continue the study

Question 28

What is the purpose of the NG tubing?

Answer 28

1. Remove contents from the stomach, including air 2. Decompress the stomach 3. Remove small solid objects or fluid, such as poison from the stomach

Question 29

When catheterized patients are transferred from wheelchairs or stretchers to the scanning table, in what position should the collecting bag be placed

Answer 29

The bag should be placed low enough to permit adequate draining of the bladder

Question 30

list the four basic principals of body mechanics

Answer 30

a. Maintain a stable center of gravity b. Maintain a strong base of support c. Maintain a center of gravity by Keeping your back straight and objects close d. Maintain proper body alignment through good posture

Question 31

Lifting should be done using the _________muscles, by lifting straight upward in one smooth motion

Answer 31

Leg

Question 32

The most important weapon against the spread of infection if proper

Answer 32

Handwashing

Question 33

You should wash your hands whenever you come in contact with these five substances

Answer 33

1. Blood 2. All body fluids (excretions, secretions,and all contaminants) 3. Broken skin 4. Mucous membrane 5. Dried blood or body fluid

Question 34

Is it acceptable not to wash your hands of gloves were used?

Answer 34

NO

Question 35

When should a mask be worn?

Answer 35

When performing procedures likely to generate splashes, or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions

Question 36

What should be used to clean the transducer?

Answer 36

Steri-septic cleaner

Question 37

Name the four airborne diseases

Answer 37

1. Tuberculosis 2. Measles 3. Chicken pox 4. Shingles

Question 38

Name the six droplet diseases

Answer 38

1. Mumps 2. Measles (rubella) 3. Whooping cough (pertussis) 4. Pneumonia 5. Meningitis 6. Strep throat

Question 39

Name of the most serious of contact diseases

Answer 39

MRSA infection

Question 40

List three rights that patients have in the medical setting

Answer 40

1. Be treated with respect 2. Make treatment choices 3. Refuse treatment 4. Obtain medical records 5. Privacy of their medical records 6. Informed consent 7. Make decisions about end-of-life care

Question 41

List three responsibilities that the patient has

Answer 41

1. Maintain healthy habits 2. Be respectful to providers 3. Comply with treatment plan 4. Be honest with providers 5. Prepare for emergencies 6. Read behind the headlines 7. Make decisions responsibly

Question 42

What is HIPPA?

Answer 42

Health Insurance Portability and Accounting Act has created standards to protect individuals medical records and personal health information

Question 43

What does HIPAA mean for a sonographer?

Answer 43

1. putting patient information away after hours 2. taking files out of sight of any lingering staff and custodians 3. setting screensavers of computers for the shortest time possible 4. taking care that any conversations (including phone conversations) are not overheard by other patients 5. removing patient identification from any scans that will be used for publication or presentation 6. keeping any patient charts filed with the names facing the wall to ensure that passerby or visitors to the ultrasound area cannot see the names or any information on the charts 7. patients may request that students, other observers, medical personnel, and families leave the room during their sonography examination 8. explaining to patients hospital or department policies regarding rights of friends and family to view their ultrasound procedure 9. meeting the patient's expectation of a pleasant physical and emotional surrounding, where their comfort, safety and respect as an individual are ensured.