Ch. 3 HA Flashcards
Represents a national movement to recapture the respect and goodwill of the American public
Patient-focused care (PFC)
Refers to observable and measurable signs of life
Vital signs
An easy and effective way to measure heart rate; recorded as beats per minute (bpm)
Pulse
Device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils
Nasal cannula
Heart rate less than 60bpm arising from disease in the heart’s electrical conduction system
Bradycardia
Convenient, noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood
Oximetry
Process of inhaling and exhaling air
Respiration
Shortness of breath of the feeling of not getting enough air, which may leave a person gasping
Dyspnea
Spontaneous breathing that stops for any reason; it may be temporary, starting and stopping at intervals, or prolonged
Apnea
Surgical procedure to create an opening to allow passage of contents of the urinary bladder or bowel through the abdominal wall
Ostomy
Exists when systolic pressure is above 140mmHg, while diastolic pressure remains below 90mmHg
Isolated systolic hypertension
Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Pulse pressure
The practice of giving liquid substances directly into a vein
Intravenous (IV) therapy
Refers to using the correct muscles to complete a task safely, efficiently, and without undue strain on any joints or muscles
Body mechanics
Basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risks of infection spread through these transmission modes; airborne infections, droplet infections, and contact infections
Standard precautions
Hospital acquired infetion
Nosocomial infection
What is the most important facet of being a sonographer?
Seeing the patient as the primary focus
Despite you personal or philosophical concerns, you must be considerate of the patient’s
Age, cultural traditions, personal values, and lifestyle
Examples of vital signs include
Pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure
Strenuous exercise, coronary artery disease, and electrolyte imbalances in the blood can cause
Arrythmias
When a pulse is taken, which artery is usually palpated?
Radial
A normal pulse oximetry reading for a person breathing room air is
High 90’s %
Normal respiration occurs at a rate of 15 to ______breaths per minute
20
As blood travels away from the heart, the pressure of the circulating blood ________, spreading through arteries and capillaries and back toward the heart through the veins
Decreases
The primary function of respiration is to obtain oxygen for use by the body’s cells and to eliminate the cell’s production of
Carbon dioxide
In measuring blood pressure, the higher number is the _______pressure, which occurs when the ventricles contract to pump blood to the body; the lower number is the _______ pressure, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filling with blood
Systolic, Diastolic
Describe the findings when a patient has an infitrated IV tubing
If the needle is accidentally dislodged, the IV fluid may enter the surrounding tissue rather than the vein. The patient man complain of discomfort, and you may observe swelling (edema) of the tissues around the infection site. Clamp off the flow, and notify the nursing staff for instructions and to determine if you should continue the study
What is the purpose of the NG tubing?
- Remove contents from the stomach, including air
- Decompress the stomach
- Remove small solid objects or fluid, such as poison from the stomach
When catheterized patients are transferred from wheelchairs or stretchers to the scanning table, in what position should the collecting bag be placed
The bag should be placed low enough to permit adequate draining of the bladder
list the four basic principals of body mechanics
a. Maintain a stable center of gravity
b. Maintain a strong base of support
c. Maintain a center of gravity by Keeping your back straight and objects close
d. Maintain proper body alignment through good posture
Lifting should be done using the _________muscles, by lifting straight upward in one smooth motion
Leg
The most important weapon against the spread of infection if proper
Handwashing
You should wash your hands whenever you come in contact with these five substances
- Blood
- All body fluids (excretions, secretions,and all contaminants)
- Broken skin
- Mucous membrane
- Dried blood or body fluid
Is it acceptable not to wash your hands of gloves were used?
NO
When should a mask be worn?
When performing procedures likely to generate splashes, or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions
What should be used to clean the transducer?
Steri-septic cleaner
Name the four airborne diseases
- Tuberculosis
- Measles
- Chicken pox
- Shingles
Name the six droplet diseases
- Mumps
- Measles (rubella)
- Whooping cough (pertussis)
- Pneumonia
- Meningitis
- Strep throat
Name of the most serious of contact diseases
MRSA infection
List three rights that patients have in the medical setting
- Be treated with respect
- Make treatment choices
- Refuse treatment
- Obtain medical records
- Privacy of their medical records
- Informed consent
- Make decisions about end-of-life care
List three responsibilities that the patient has
- Maintain healthy habits
- Be respectful to providers
- Comply with treatment plan
- Be honest with providers
- Prepare for emergencies
- Read behind the headlines
- Make decisions responsibly
What is HIPPA?
Health Insurance Portability and Accounting Act has created standards to protect individuals medical records and personal health information
What does HIPAA mean for a sonographer?
- putting patient information away after hours
- taking files out of sight of any lingering staff and custodians
- setting screensavers of computers for the shortest time possible
- taking care that any conversations (including phone conversations) are not overheard by other patients
- removing patient identification from any scans that will be used for publication or presentation
- keeping any patient charts filed with the names facing the wall to ensure that passerby or visitors to the ultrasound area cannot see the names or any information on the charts
- patients may request that students, other observers, medical personnel, and families leave the room during their sonography examination
- explaining to patients hospital or department policies regarding rights of friends and family to view their ultrasound procedure
- meeting the patient’s expectation of a pleasant physical and emotional surrounding, where their comfort, safety and respect as an individual are ensured.
