Ch 3: Evidence Flashcards
Direct Evidence
Directly demonstrates a fact, conclusion is apparent
Indirect Evidence
Inferences needed to draw an associated conclusion
Aguilar vs. Texas (1964)
Two-pronged test to determine probable cause when information is given by an informant
Illinois vs. Gates (1983)
Totality of circumstances must be considered when establishing probable cause
Judicial Evidence
Meets rules of evidence, is admissible in court
Extrajudicial Evidence
Information not admissible in court, but can be used to further or help in an investigation
Preponderance of Evidence
Standard of proof in civil law
Hearsay
Secondhand information repeated
Expert Witness
Special knowledge about facts being examined
Lay Witness
Personally observant facts
Real Evidence
Tangible objects that are a direct result of the crime
(Ex: blood, weapon) Also known as: forensic evidence, scientific evidence, or physical evidence
Demonstrative Evidence
Tangible objects created indirectly from a crime related to the crime and perpetrator
(Ex: diagrams of crime scene, photos of victim)
Documentary Evidence
Evidence in the form of a document related to the crime
Ex: text messages
Corpus Delicti Evidence
Establishes crime occured
Ex: dead body
Corroborative Evidence
Supplements and strengthens existing evidence
