Ch. 3 Drugs & Effects

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of..

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

General Nervous System consists of..

Answer 2

autonomic nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 3

These facilitates message impulses from neuron to neuron as they travel across the synaptic cleft. consists of multiple dendrites

Answer 3

Neurons

Question 4

These allow the transmission of nerve impulses to the cell body; consist of one axon

Answer 4

Dendrites

Question 5

These consist of multiple dendrites

Answer 5

Neurons

Question 6

These consist of one axon

Answer 6

Dendrites

Question 7

This sends the electrical impulses across the synaptic cleft to the receptor cells of the other neuron *here is where drugs have most devastating effect

Answer 7

Axon

Question 8

These are naturally occurring chemical substances in the brain; facilitate the electrical impulse form the presynaptic neuron (sender) to postsynaptic neuron (receiver)

Answer 8

Neurotransmitter

Question 9

Neurotransmitters

Answer 9

send and receive messages in the brain

Question 10

Major transmitter groups

Answer 10

Catecholamines
Gamma
Peptides
Serotonin

Question 11

Catecholamines Neurotransmitters

Answer 11

• includes dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine

- produced and reabsorbed by the neuron through reuptake

Question 12

Drugs (cocaine, meth) increase the production and eventual depletion of [transmitter group], thus producing depressive effects following extensive use

Answer 12

Catecholamines Neurotransmitters

Question 13

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate (GABA)

Answer 13

Slows and inhibits impulses form nerve to nerve and creates a lethargic/relaxed effect.

Question 14

Alcohol increases the inhibitory activity of [transmitter group] receptors and decreases the activity of [transmitter group] receptors, thus suppressing brain activity

Answer 14

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) … Glutamate

Question 15

[transmitter group] regulates sleep, pain, body temperature, and sensory perception

Answer 15

Serotonin

Question 16

The use of cocaine increases the production of … thus affecting …

Answer 16

serotonin .. sleep, energy and perception

Question 17

The creation of new neurons throughout the lifetime

Answer 17

Neurogenesis

Question 18

(How the brain changes) brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that describes lasting change to the brain throughout an animal’s life course. Many aspects of the brain remain changeable (or “plastic”) even into adulthood.

Answer 18

Neuroplasticity

Question 19

PTSD symptoms/changes in the brain

Answer 19

• decrease in size and level of functioning of hippocampus (primarily responsible for memory)
• increased activity level and blood flow to the amygdala (fear, anxiety, aggression)
• increased levels of cortisol and norepinephrine (stress response)

Question 20

Factors affecting client’s response to drugs

Answer 20

(1) client’s personal variables (gender, age, race, genetics, expectations, etc.)
(2) enviornmental variables
(3) amount of the drug ingested

Question 21

Complete discontinuation of drugs/alcohol

Answer 21

Abstinence

Question 22

Compulsive drug use despite negative consequences, loss of control, and tolerance or withdrawal symptoms

Answer 22

Addiction

Question 23

Addicted to alcohol

Answer 23

Alcoholism

Question 24

Addiction across various categories

Answer 24

cross-addiction

Question 25

a tolerance to all drugs in the same category

Answer 25

cross-tolerance

Question 26

discontinuation of drugs with minimal changes in cognitive, emotional-behavioral management

Answer 26

dry drunk-drugged

Question 27

growth process of abstinence and cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and spiritual changes

Answer 27

recovery

Question 28

start using again after period of abstinence

Answer 28

relapse

Question 29

(increase or decrease) needing more or less of the drug to get the same effect

Answer 29

tolerance

Question 30

Controlled Substance Act of 1970

Answer 30

the federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use and distribution of certain narcotics, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, anabolic steroids and other chemicals is regulated

Question 31

Schedule I Drugs

Answer 31

high potential for abuse and no medical use (meth, THC)

Question 32

Schedule II Drugs

Answer 32

high potential for abuse and dependence; has medical use (severe restrictions) (ADHD, pain relief)

Question 33

Schedule III Drugs

Answer 33

Less fréquence of abuse; has medical use (opiate addiction, pain relief, testosterone)

Question 34

Schedule IV Drugs

Answer 34

Less abuse potential and only for proscription (anti-anxiety, muscle relaxers)

Question 35

Schedule V drugs

Answer 35

Over the counter medications (cough medicine, headache relief)

Question 36

Examples of Sedative-Hypnotics (depressants)

Answer 36

Alcohol, barbiturates (seconol, quaaludes, tranquilizers, Valium, Librium, Ativan, Xanax)

Question 37

Sedative-Hypnotics (depressants) symptoms of intox

Answer 37

drowsy, slows CNS, confused, uncoordinated movements

Question 38

Examples of Stimulants

Answer 38

cocaine, meth, amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine

Question 39

Stimulant symptoms of intox

Answer 39

talkative, alert, stimulates CNS, paranoid, anxiety increase, decrease in appetite, hyperactive; severe depression, suicidal thoughts and hallucinations possible when stopped

Question 40

Cannabinols examples

Answer 40

marijuana, hash, hash oil

Question 41

cannabinols symptoms of intox

Answer 41

decrease in motivation, red eyes, decrease in motor skill ability, increase in hunger, excessive laughing, paranoia; short-term memory loss, hallucinations

Question 42

Narcotics (opiates) examples

Answer 42

heroin, Demerol, Dilaudid, morphine, codine, Percodan, methodone, opium

Question 43

symptoms of intox on Narcotics

Answer 43

nausea, nodding off, vomiting, watery eyes and nose, insensitive to pain, detached; significant withdrawal: increased weight loss, increased risk for HIV, Hep C, overdosing and death

Question 44

examples of hallucinogens

Answer 44

LSD, mescaline, PCP, MDMA, peyote

Question 45

symptoms of into hallucinogens

Answer 45

impairs judgment, hallucinations, change in perception; mild withdrawal, difficult to detect in drug screens, violent behavior unpredictable

Question 46

examples of inhalants

Answer 46

gasoline, aerosols, glue, liquid paper, nitrous oxide

Question 47

symptoms of intox inhalants

Answer 47

dizziness, odor of chemicals, severe headaches, black-outs, hallucinations; risk of brain damage, sudden death, suffocation

Question 48

examples of OTC

Answer 48

cold medicines with alcohol or acetaminophen

Question 49

symptoms of OTC intox

Answer 49

dilated pupils, dry mouth, sleepiness; possible overdose when mixed with alcohol or drugs

Question 50

examples of steroids

Answer 50

oxymetholone, oxandrohe

Question 51

symptoms of steroid intox

Answer 51

mood swings, paraonoia, irritable behavior, violent, voice changes; increase transmission of HIV or Hep C