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Substance Use Disorders > Ch. 3 Drugs & Effects > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Drugs & Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of..

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

General Nervous System consists of..

A

autonomic nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

These facilitates message impulses from neuron to neuron as they travel across the synaptic cleft. consists of multiple dendrites

A

Neurons

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4
Q

These allow the transmission of nerve impulses to the cell body; consist of one axon

A

Dendrites

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5
Q

These consist of multiple dendrites

A

Neurons

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6
Q

These consist of one axon

A

Dendrites

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7
Q

This sends the electrical impulses across the synaptic cleft to the receptor cells of the other neuron *here is where drugs have most devastating effect

A

Axon

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8
Q

These are naturally occurring chemical substances in the brain; facilitate the electrical impulse form the presynaptic neuron (sender) to postsynaptic neuron (receiver)

A

Neurotransmitter

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9
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

send and receive messages in the brain

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10
Q

Major transmitter groups

A

Catecholamines
Gamma
Peptides
Serotonin

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11
Q

Catecholamines Neurotransmitters

A
  • includes dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine

- produced and reabsorbed by the neuron through reuptake

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12
Q

Drugs (cocaine, meth) increase the production and eventual depletion of [transmitter group], thus producing depressive effects following extensive use

A

Catecholamines Neurotransmitters

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13
Q

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate (GABA)

A

Slows and inhibits impulses form nerve to nerve and creates a lethargic/relaxed effect.

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14
Q

Alcohol increases the inhibitory activity of [transmitter group] receptors and decreases the activity of [transmitter group] receptors, thus suppressing brain activity

A

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) … Glutamate

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15
Q

[transmitter group] regulates sleep, pain, body temperature, and sensory perception

A

Serotonin

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16
Q

The use of cocaine increases the production of … thus affecting …

A

serotonin .. sleep, energy and perception

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17
Q

The creation of new neurons throughout the lifetime

A

Neurogenesis

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18
Q

(How the brain changes) brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that describes lasting change to the brain throughout an animal’s life course. Many aspects of the brain remain changeable (or “plastic”) even into adulthood.

A

Neuroplasticity

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19
Q

PTSD symptoms/changes in the brain

A
  • decrease in size and level of functioning of hippocampus (primarily responsible for memory)
  • increased activity level and blood flow to the amygdala (fear, anxiety, aggression)
  • increased levels of cortisol and norepinephrine (stress response)
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20
Q

Factors affecting client’s response to drugs

A

(1) client’s personal variables (gender, age, race, genetics, expectations, etc.)
(2) enviornmental variables
(3) amount of the drug ingested

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21
Q

Complete discontinuation of drugs/alcohol

A

Abstinence

22
Q

Compulsive drug use despite negative consequences, loss of control, and tolerance or withdrawal symptoms

A

Addiction

23
Q

Addicted to alcohol

A

Alcoholism

24
Q

Addiction across various categories

A

cross-addiction

25
Q

a tolerance to all drugs in the same category

A

cross-tolerance

26
Q

discontinuation of drugs with minimal changes in cognitive, emotional-behavioral management

A

dry drunk-drugged

27
Q

growth process of abstinence and cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and spiritual changes

A

recovery

28
Q

start using again after period of abstinence

A

relapse

29
Q

(increase or decrease) needing more or less of the drug to get the same effect

A

tolerance

30
Q

Controlled Substance Act of 1970

A

the federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use and distribution of certain narcotics, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, anabolic steroids and other chemicals is regulated

31
Q

Schedule I Drugs

A

high potential for abuse and no medical use (meth, THC)

32
Q

Schedule II Drugs

A

high potential for abuse and dependence; has medical use (severe restrictions) (ADHD, pain relief)

33
Q

Schedule III Drugs

A

Less fréquence of abuse; has medical use (opiate addiction, pain relief, testosterone)

34
Q

Schedule IV Drugs

A

Less abuse potential and only for proscription (anti-anxiety, muscle relaxers)

35
Q

Schedule V drugs

A

Over the counter medications (cough medicine, headache relief)

36
Q

Examples of Sedative-Hypnotics (depressants)

A

Alcohol, barbiturates (seconol, quaaludes, tranquilizers, Valium, Librium, Ativan, Xanax)

37
Q

Sedative-Hypnotics (depressants) symptoms of intox

A

drowsy, slows CNS, confused, uncoordinated movements

38
Q

Examples of Stimulants

A

cocaine, meth, amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine

39
Q

Stimulant symptoms of intox

A

talkative, alert, stimulates CNS, paranoid, anxiety increase, decrease in appetite, hyperactive; severe depression, suicidal thoughts and hallucinations possible when stopped

40
Q

Cannabinols examples

A

marijuana, hash, hash oil

41
Q

cannabinols symptoms of intox

A

decrease in motivation, red eyes, decrease in motor skill ability, increase in hunger, excessive laughing, paranoia; short-term memory loss, hallucinations

42
Q

Narcotics (opiates) examples

A

heroin, Demerol, Dilaudid, morphine, codine, Percodan, methodone, opium

43
Q

symptoms of intox on Narcotics

A

nausea, nodding off, vomiting, watery eyes and nose, insensitive to pain, detached; significant withdrawal: increased weight loss, increased risk for HIV, Hep C, overdosing and death

44
Q

examples of hallucinogens

A

LSD, mescaline, PCP, MDMA, peyote

45
Q

symptoms of into hallucinogens

A

impairs judgment, hallucinations, change in perception; mild withdrawal, difficult to detect in drug screens, violent behavior unpredictable

46
Q

examples of inhalants

A

gasoline, aerosols, glue, liquid paper, nitrous oxide

47
Q

symptoms of intox inhalants

A

dizziness, odor of chemicals, severe headaches, black-outs, hallucinations; risk of brain damage, sudden death, suffocation

48
Q

examples of OTC

A

cold medicines with alcohol or acetaminophen

49
Q

symptoms of OTC intox

A

dilated pupils, dry mouth, sleepiness; possible overdose when mixed with alcohol or drugs

50
Q

examples of steroids

A

oxymetholone, oxandrohe

51
Q

symptoms of steroid intox

A

mood swings, paraonoia, irritable behavior, violent, voice changes; increase transmission of HIV or Hep C

Substance Use Disorders (2 decks)

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