Ch 3 - Digestion

Question 1

What are the parts of the small intestine? List in order.

Answer 1

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Question 2

What is digestion?

Answer 2

A multi-step process of breaking down foods into absorbable nutrients via mechanical and chemical digestion in the GI Track

Question 3

What organs directly and inderectly play in digestion?

Answer 3

Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

Accesory = Pancreas, gallbladder, liver

Question 4

Where do nutrients go once they are broken down?

Answer 4

They go to the liver

Question 5

Bacteria in the large intestine finish up digestion by metabolizing leftovers. By doing so, they produce ……

Answer 5

Vitamin K and Biotin

Question 6

What is the function of bicarbonate? Where is it produced?

Answer 6

Bicarbonate controls the stomach’s pH so that enzymes can function properly.

Bicarbonate is made in the Pancreas

Question 7

Two sphincters of the esophagus are (1) and (2). (1) prevents food from going “down the wrong pipe.” (2) keeps the stomach’s acidic contents from reenterinf and damaging the esophagus.

Answer 7

1) Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES)

2) Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

Question 8

What are the key functions of the pancreas in terms of the digestive system?

Answer 8

The pancreas produces insulin (which decreases blood sugar) and produces enzymes and hormones that help break down foods.

Question 9

GERD or heartburn occurs because the __________ is weak and cannot stop acidic stomach contents from reentering the esophagus; over a long period of time, can cause esophageal cancer.

Answer 9

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Question 10

What are rhe ABCD’s of nutrition?

Answer 10

A = Antrbopometrics (BMI)
B = Biometrics
C = Clinical (hair, nail, skin examination)
D = Dietary imintakes

Question 11

What’s wrong with the American diet?

Answer 11

Too high in saturated fats, sugars, and sodium.

Question 12

Peristalsis definition. Mechanical or chemical?

Answer 12

Muscle contractions that move food forward through the GI track.

Mechanical

Question 13

This type of muscle contraction moves chyme back and forth in the small and large intestine to increase absorption.

Answer 13

Segmentation

Question 14

The process of taking nutrients into the GI track and moving then into the circulatory system

Answer 14

Absorption

Question 15

The moving of undissolved nutrients via the circulatory and lymph systems

Answer 15

Transport

Question 16

Gastrin makes the ________ release ___________ and _____.

Answer 16

stomach

HCL

Gastric lipase

Question 17

What does the liver store?

Answer 17

Nutrients, Vit A, Vit B, Vit B12, Vit E, copper, iron, glycogen

Question 18

When does the gallbladder release its bile?

Answer 18

When fat is present

Question 19

Gallbladder secrets into …

Answer 19

small intestine

Question 20

Which sphicter prevents fecal elements from reentering the small intestine?

Answer 20

Ileocecal

Question 21

Which sphincter separates the stomach and duodenum?

Answer 21

Pyloric sphincter

Question 22

What enzyme breaks down protein?

Answer 22

Pepsin

Question 23

Sphincter that contracts and retracts to allow food into the stomach

Answer 23

Gastroesophageal

Question 24

What organ produces gastrin?

Answer 24

Stomach

Question 25

Pendular movement

Answer 25

constrictive wave that involves forward and reverse movements of chyme

Question 26

Activates pepsin, breaks down connective tissue in meat, and increases absorption of minerals

Answer 26

HCl

Question 27

Secretin causes the pancrease to release __________ to neutralize HCl.

Answer 27

Bicarbonate

Question 28

What triggers the release of bicarbonate?

Answer 28

Secretin