Ch. 3 Coursera

Question 1

The neural tube is the developmental origin for which of the following?

Answer 1

Spinal cord

Hindbrain

Forebrain

Question 2

Which of the following are true of [open] spina bifida?

Answer 2

it results from a failure of the posterior neuropore to close.
Affected individuals may have brain problems such as hydrocephalus.

Question 3

Folic acid or folate

Answer 3

Prevents most neural tube defects

Question 4

true of the midbrain:

Answer 4

Is the middle vesicle in the 3-vesicle stage (the first stage of the neural tube when there are 3 vesicles).
Is located between the hindbrain and the diencephalon.

Question 5

true of the eye?

Answer 5

It is part of the central nervous system.
Changes in pressure within the brain can be detected by looking at the retina.
Develops from an outpouching of the diencephalon.

Question 6

The right telencephalic hemisphere expands in which of the following directions

Answer 6

Forward

Backward

To the side (right)

Question 7

true of neocortex?

Answer 7

Because of the sulci and gyri, there is more surface area for neocortex than there would be if the brain were smooth (called lissencephalic).

In humans and some other mammals, the neocortex has expanded so much that the brain has a temporal lobe.

It is present in reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Question 8

In some cases of gestational exposure to Zika virus (exposure of an embryo during gestation), what condition can result in the baby?

Answer 8

A small telencephalon, a condition known as microcephaly

Question 9

true of the internal capsule?

Answer 9

It carries motor command information through the corticospinal tract
It joins the diencephalon to the telencephalon

Question 10

true of the corpus callosum?

Answer 10

It joins the two telencephalic hemispheres

Question 11

During the first few years of life, neurons continue to be made. Where is the largest number of neurons made after birth?

Answer 11

Cerebellum

Question 12

Which is true of cerebral palsy?

Answer 12

It is a developmental disorder of defective synaptic pruning.

Question 13

true of spinal nerves

Answer 13

They leave from the vertebral column

Question 14

true of cranial nerves?

Answer 14

They leave from the cranium

They can be sensory only, motor only, or mixed sensory and motor.

There are only 12 pairs of them

Question 15

Which parts of the central nervous system receive sensory information of any type?

Answer 15

Spinal cord

Brainstem

Diencephalon

Telencephalon

Question 16

Where in the central nervous system does conscious perception (of sensory information of any type) occur?

Answer 16

Telencephalon

Question 17

From which parts of the central nervous system does motor information leave?

Answer 17

Spinal cord

Brainstem

Question 18

From where in the central nervous system does voluntary movement arise?

Answer 18

Telencephalon

Question 19

Which of the following are true of the autonomic outflow from the central nervous system to the pupil of the eye?

Answer 19

Parasympathetic outflow from the brainstem leads to pupillary constriction
sympathetic outflow from the thoracic cord leads to pupillary dilation

Question 20

Which of the following functions is handled differently by the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 20

Language

Question 21

Non-fluent aphasia impairs which of the following?

Answer 21

Semantic (word-based) communication

Question 22

A lesion in the left temporo-parietal junction or TPJ will impair which of the following?

Answer 22

Reading comprehension

Verbal comprehension

Braille comprehension

Question 23

From back to front, the order of the central nervous system is:

Answer 23

Spinal cord, hindbrain, midbrain, diencephalon, telencephalon

Question 24

Neurons from all over the cerebral cortex send axons to the brainstem and spinal cord. Considering what you know about how the telencephalon develops into the mature brain, which of the following describes a possible path that an axon could take from the occipital cortex to the pons?

Answer 24

from the telencephalon directly to the diencephalon and then to the midbrain and finally to the hindbrain where the pons is

Question 25

You meet a person with a peculiar temperament and odd-looking skin. Her skin is dry and scaly and on her eyelids there are little bumps. She appears fearless and socially uninhibited. Which of the following do you think is the most likely explanation for this presentation?

Answer 25

This question describes a person with Urbach-Wiethe disease, which is a genetic disorder of the ectoderm. Since the ectoderm gives rise to both the skin and central nervous system, both dermatological and neurological symptoms can be present.

Question 26

Traumatic brain injuries (commonly called concussions) typically do not occur in response to low force blows because the brain is (choose one):

Answer 26

The brain is contained in a sac made of the meninges (dura, arachnoid, and pia mater) and filled with fluid. The bony cranium also provides protection, but it is not sufficient to protect the brain on its own.

Question 27

You meet a person that appears normal in all ways except for two characteristics. First, the person’s facial expression never changes: it is always neutral. Second, neither eye moves away from the nose (“eye abduction”). Damage at which level of the nervous system is involved?

Answer 27

*not thoratic cord

Question 28

A man is thrown from a horse and lands hard on his buttocks, harming the nerve fibers in the cauda equine (this is called cauda equine syndrome) as they travel to exit from the spinal canal. All of a sudden he is unable to void urine or feces. Assuming that all resulting symptoms arise from damage to nerve roots from the same part of the spinal cord that is important to voiding, which of the following symptoms do you expect will accompany this man’s voiding issues? Check all that apply.

Answer 28

inabillity to have an erection
loss of sensation from back of the leg
loss of sensation from the saddle region

Question 29

About 80-85% of the visual field is visible from both eyes. However, the far edges of the right and left visual fields are only visible from the eye on the same side. These far edges are monocular (visible only from one eye) “crescents” (they are indeed shaped as crescents) and are distinct from the far larger binocular fields (visible to both eyes). Which of the following are correct? Check all that apply.

Answer 29

when a person has both eyes open the only part of the visual field that will be lost by blindness in one eye is the monocular visual field on the same side (as the blinded eye)

Question 30

A healthy person is the victim of a stab wound in the back that damaged one side of the spinal cord. Which of the following are potential outcomes of the stabbing? Check all that apply.

Answer 30

paralysis of the right leg with insensitivity to touch on the right side

*paralysis of the right leg with insensitivity to noxious stimulation (pain) on the left leg

Question 31

Considering that the brainstem contains both neurons that reside in the brainstem (eg motoneurons) and axons that are passing through (eg corticospinal axons), which of the following are true? Check all that apply.

Answer 31

Multiple sclerosis causes demyelination (which disrupts the neural code), but does not directly harm neurons.

A stroke may kill both nearby neurons and nearby axons.

Polio virus only infects motor neurons.

Myasthenia gravis destroys acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, but does not kill brainstem motoneurons.

Question 32

Consider the inherited condition of congenital insensitivity to pain accompanied by the inability to sweat. This disorder stems from a mutation that prevents normal development of the nervous system. Which of the following is correct?

Answer 32

disorder of per. ns dev. absence of temp responce
Remember that both pain-responsive sensory neurons and the autonomic ganglia neurons that control sweat glands have their cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. The disorder, therefore, affects the development of the peripheral nervous system. Temperature-responsive sensory neurons also have their cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system, and therefore would likely also be affected by the disorder. Motoneurons have their cell bodies in the spinal cord, and therefore are central. It is unlikely that they would be affected by the disorder.

Question 33

You discover a new fish that has a pair of prehensile (moveable) fins with finger-like protuberances. These fins are located on either side of the trunk at the bottom of the rib cage. This fish has exquisite motor control of the fin and can sense very light touch applied to the protuberances. In fact, the fish’s motor control of and sensory sensitivity from its fin protuberances are similar to our ability to move and sense fine touch on our fingers. In this fish, which of the follow is likely to be true?

Answer 33

*not sacral cord