Ch 3: Chemistry Fundamentals (Princeton Review) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mass defect?

A

the difference between the predicted mass of a nucleus and the actual mass.

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2
Q

What equation relates the energy released when a nucleus is formed to mass?

How can you calculate this?

What does this imply?

A

E = mc2

multiple the mass defect (m) by speed of light squared. Answer will be given in joules.

Mass can become energy and energy can become mass.

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3
Q

The nuclear strong force (that holds an atom together even though protons repel one another) is (stronger/weaker) than the electrostatic force.

A

stronger; if it were weaker, the nucleus would naturally break apart

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4
Q

The ______ energy is the energy required to overcome the nuclear strong force in order to separate nucleons.

A

binding

nucleus (smaller mass) + binding energy = separated nucleons (greater mass)

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5
Q

Breaking an atom into its constituent components must then be an _________ process, because it requires an input of energy. Formation of an atom from its constituent components is an _________ process bc it gives off energy (the binding energy)

A

endergonic

exergonic

(from AK Lectures: Binding Energy)

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6
Q

If the N:Z ratio is greater than 1, the nucleus is unstable and will undergo radioactive decay.

A
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7
Q

The strong force acts only over _____ distances.

A

short

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8
Q

As the atomic number increases, the ideal N:Z ratio increases to about 1.5.

When Z > 83, the electrostatic force (repelling force among protons) is so great that all the nuclei are unstable and will undergo radioactive decay.

A
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9
Q

In alpha decay, an alpha particle is ejected from an unstable nucleus.

An alpha particle has the same composition as a ______ nucleus: _ nucleons total, _ protons, and _ neutrons.

A

helium

4, 2, 2

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10
Q

In radioactive decay, both the number of nucleons and the charge is conserved.

A
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11
Q

In beta decay, an electron is ejected from an unstable nucleus

A
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