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NURS 350 Pathophysiology > Ch 3: Cellular Environment > Flashcards

Ch 3: Cellular Environment Flashcards

1
Q

2 main ECF components

A
  1. Interstitial fluid
  2. Intravascular fluid
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2
Q

Filtration

A

Fluid moves out of capillary into interstitial space

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3
Q

Reabsorption

A

Fluid moves back into capillary from interstitial space

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4
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)

A

Facilitates outward movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial space

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5
Q

Capillary (plasma) oncotic pressure

A

Osmotically attracts water from interstitial space back into capillary

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6
Q

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

A

Facilitates inward movement of water from interstitial space into capillary

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7
Q

Interstitial on comic pressure

A

Osmotically attracts water from the capillary into interstitial space

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8
Q

Net filtration

A

Movement of fluid back and forth across capillary wall; described by starting hypothesis

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9
Q

Net filtration equals

A

Forces favoring filtration minus forces opposing filtration

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10
Q

What forces favor filtration

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial onCotic pressure

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11
Q

Forces opposing filtration

A

Capillary oncotic pressure
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

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12
Q

Why does oncotic pressure remain fairly constant

A

Because plasma proteins normally don’t cross capillary membrane

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13
Q

At arterial end of capillary, what pressure is greater

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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14
Q

What pressure is greater@ venous end of capillary

A

Oncotic pressure

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15
Q

Edema

A

Excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
A problem of fluid distribution

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16
Q

4 most common mechanisms for edema

A
  1. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
  2. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
  3. Increased capillary membrane permeability
  4. Lymphatic obstruction
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17
Q

Cause of decreased plague oncotic pressure

A

Losses or diminished production of plasma albumin

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18
Q

Cause of increased capillary permeability

A

Inflammation & immune response

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19
Q

Cause of lymphatic obstruction

A

Blocked lymphatic channels because of infection or tumor

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20
Q

Aldosterone

A

Mineralcorticord(sterord)
From adrenal cortex
End-product of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system

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21
Q

Euvolemic hypernatremia

A

Loss of free water with a near normal body Sodom concentrator

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22
Q

Hypervolemic hypernatremia

A

Increased total body water and greater increase in total body for drum level

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23
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Serum sodium concentration loss them 135 mEq/L

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24
Q

Hyporolemic hyponatreurs

A

Loss of total body fluid, and greater loss of body sodium than water

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25
Q

Euvolemic hyponatremia

A

Loss of sodium without significant loss of water

26
Q

Dilutional hypotonic hyponatremia (water intoxication)

A

In take of large amounts of free water or replacement or fluid loss w/iv 5% dextrose in water

27
Q

Hypervolemic hyponatremia

A

Both total body water and sodium levels are increased (but water increases more )

28
Q

Hypertonic hyponatiemin

A

Shift of water from ICF to ECF

29
Q

Hypochloremia

A

Low level of serum chloride
Less than 97 mEq/L

30
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Potassium deficiency
Less than 3.5 mEq/L

31
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Elevation of ECF potassium concentration greater than 5.0 mEq/L

32
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Total calcium concentration ingerum is less than 9.0 mg/dL & ionized levels are legs then 5.5 mg/dL

33
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

Serum phosphate level less them 2.0mg/dl, indicative of phosphate deficiency

34
Q

Hyper phosphatemia

A

Elevated serum phosphate level of more than 4.7mg/dl

35
Q

Hypomagnesmia

A

Serum magnesium concentration is less than 1.5mEq/L

36
Q

Hypermagnesmia

A

Magnesium concentration is greater than 3.0 mEq/L
Rave, usually caused by renal failure

37
Q

pH

A

Hydrogen ion concentration

38
Q

pH less than 7.4 is

A

Acidic

39
Q

Volatile body acids

A

Respiratory acids eliminated as Carbon dioxide gas

40
Q

Nonvolatile body acids

A

Metabolic acids eliminated by the kidney or metabolized by the liver

41
Q

Buffers

A

Absorb excess H+ (acid) or hydroxyl ion (OH-) (base) to minimize fluctuations in pH

42
Q

Buffer pairs

A

Weak acid & conjugate babe

43
Q

pK value

A

pH at which a buffer pair is half dissociated
Rate constant for the chemical reaction

44
Q

Henderson-hasselbalch equation

A

pH = pK + log [HCO3-]/[H2CO3-]

45
Q

pH =

A
  1. Acid / base
  2. Renal regulation (slow) /pulmonary regulation (fast)
  3. Metabolic acid-base function/ respiratory acid-base function
46
Q

Compensation

A

REnal & respiratory adjustments to primary changes in pH

47
Q

Correction

A

When values for both components of the buffer pair ratio return to normal

48
Q

Proteins buffer what & where

A

H ions inside cells

49
Q

Respiratory & renal buffering

A

Regulate acid-base balance by controlling rate of ventilation when there is metabolic acidosis or alkalosis

50
Q

Acidemia

A

pH of arterial blood is less than 7.35

51
Q

Acidosis

A

Systemic increase in hydrogen ion concentration or a loss of a base

52
Q

Alkalemia

A

State in which pH of arterial blood is greater than 7.45

53
Q

Alkalos’s

A

Systemic decrease in hydrogen ion concentration or an excess of base

54
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Concentration of non-carbonic acids increases or bicarbonate (base) is lost from the extracellular fluid or cannot be regenerated by the kidney

55
Q

Renal failure

A

Failure to excrete acid

56
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Excess production of keto acids from lack of insulin

57
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

When bicarbonate concentration is increased

58
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

When alveolar hypoventilation

59
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Carbon dioxide excess in the blood

60
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Decreased concentration of plasma carbon dioxide

61
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Alveolar hyperventilation and hypocaphia

62
Q

Mixed acid-base disorders

A

For more primary acid-base disorders occurring at the same time

NURS 350 Pathophysiology (3 decks)

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