Ch 3 - Cell, Tissue and Organs

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

Structural units that form all body tissues.

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

Group of similar cells that perform a specific function. Includes epithelial tissue, connective, nervous and muscle.

Question 3

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 3

Forms epidermis (top skin layer) and surface layer of membranes. Can be single layer (simple) or several layers (stratified). Can be three cell shapes: squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube), or columnar (cylindrical). Functions: protects, absorbs and secretes.

Question 4

Simple Squamous

Answer 4

Flat shaped cells.

Question 5

Simple Cuboidal

Answer 5

Cube shaped cells.

Question 6

Simple Columnar

Answer 6

Cylindrical shaped cells.

Question 7

Connective Tissue

Answer 7

Composed of cells that are able to form tissues of various consistences, which connect and support other body tissues. Types of connective tissue include: cartilage, adipose, bone and blood.

Question 8

Nervous Tissue

Answer 8

Composed of cells called neurons, which transmit nerve impulses by releasing neurotransmitters. This tissue comprises the brain, spinal cord, and nerves of the body.

Question 9

Muscle Tissue

Answer 9

Composed of cells called contractile fibers, which contract (shorten) or relax (lengthen). This moves the body, makes heart beat, helps organs function and maintains blood pressure.

Question 10

Organs

Answer 10

Structures composed of 2 or more tissue types and perform specialized functions. “Organ Systems” are when organs and other structures function together for a specific purpose.

Question 11

Anatomical Position

Answer 11

A base position to refer to patient’s body. It is as thought the patient is standing straight and upright, arms to sides, palms facing forward.

Question 12

Midline

Answer 12

Point of reference which divides the body in half, from head to feet and through the umbilicus.

Question 13

Axial Body

Answer 13

Head, neck and trunk.

Question 14

Appendicular Body

Answer 14

Arms/upper extremities, and legs/lower extremities.

Question 15

Body Planes

Answer 15

Imaginary slices through the body that divides it vertically or horizontally for points of reference. Used when referring to most body movements.

Question 16

Sagittal Plane

Answer 16

Vertical plane from front to back, dividing body into left and right halves. Includes body movements in an anterior or posterior direction, such as flexion and extension.

Question 17

Frontal Plane

Answer 17

Also known as coronal plane. Slices body vertically from left to right, dividing into front and back halves. Body movements in the medial or lateral direction are in frontal plane, such as abduction, adduction, radial and ulnar deviation, eversion and inversion.

Question 18

Transverse Plane

Answer 18

Also known as horizontal plane. Divides body into upper and lower portions. This plane includes motion in the horizontal direction, or rotation of body parts, such as medial and lateral rotation, pronation, supination, and horizontal adduction/abduction.

Question 19

Dorsal Cavity

Answer 19

Cavity including the back half of the torso/head.

Question 20

Cranial Cavity

Answer 20

Cavity including the brain.

Question 21

Vertebral Cavity

Answer 21

Cavity containing the spinal column.

Question 22

Ventral Cavity

Answer 22

Cavity including the entire front side of the body’s torso, including the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Question 23

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 23

Cavity containing the heart, lungs, great vessels, trachea and thymus.

Question 24

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 24

Part of the Abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and intestines.

Question 25

Retroperitoneal Space

Answer 25

Space at back of abdomen, just lateral to the spinal column, which contains the kidneys.

Question 26

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 26

Part of the Abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder and female reproductive organs.

Question 27

Nine-Region System

Answer 27

One of 2 systems of dividing the body for communication/documentation. Consists of nine abdominal segments (like tic-tac-toe) based around a center segment at the umbilical region. Includes: 2 upper hypochondriac regions, an upper center epigastric region; 2 middle lumbar regions and umbilical region dead center; and 2 lower iliac regions and lower center hypogastric region.

Question 28

Four-Quadrant System

Answer 28

One of 2 systems of dividing the body for communication/documentation. Consists of four equal sections of imaginary regions of abdomen, split equally at the umbilicus. Includes: Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), and Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ).