CH 3 - Body as a Whole Flashcards
cytology
study of cell structure and function
-in
substance, chemical compound
chromat-
color
-some
body
-plasm
something formed
cyt/o-
cell
sol
solution
-lyte
soluble
electr/o-
electric
-cellul-
small cell
-ism
condition
metabol-
change
-ic
pertaining to
-lus
small
-oid
resemble
ster-
solid
syn-
together
-thesis
to arrange
cytoplasm
clear, gelatinous substance containing cytosol and crowded with different organelles
organelle
small structures that carry out special metabolic tasks
nucleus
largest organelle located btw cell membrane and cytoplasm
ribsosomes
organelles involved in the manufacture of protein from simple materials
nucleolus
small dense body composed of RNA and protein
endoplasmic reticulum
manufactures steroids, cholesterol and other lipids, and proteins
lysosomes
garbage disposal units of the cell
mitochondria
extract energy by breaking down compounds
histology
study of the structure and function of tissues
connective tissue
bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat. widely distributed throughout body
epithelial tissue
protect, secrete, absorb, excrete. cover body surface, cover and line internal organs, compose glands
muscle
movement. attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, and in heart
nervous
transmit impulses for coordination, sensory reception, motor actions. brain, spinal cord, nerves
anabol-
build up
-ism
condition
-ate
composed of, pertaining to
carb/o-
carbon
catabol-
break down
-um
structure
epi-
upon
-thel/i-
nipple
lys/o-
decompose
-ion
action, condition
mit/o-
thread
-chondr-
cartilage, rib, granule
-in
substance, chemical compound
prot/e-
first
rib/o-
like a rib
bone
hardest connective tissue
cells that make up bone tissue
osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
osteoblasts
deposit bone matrix in concentric patterns around a central canal containing a blood vessel
osteocytes
former osteoblasts that maintain the bone matrix
osteoclassts
dissolve the bone matrix to release calcium and phosphate into the blood when these chemicals are needed elsewhere
cartilage
flexible, rubbery matrix. few blood vessels and heals poorly or not at all. include chrondroblasts, chrondocytes, fibers
chrondoblasts
deposit the cartilage matrix
chrondrocytes
former chondroblasts that maintain the cartilage matrix
fibers
give the cartilage strength and flexibility
ligaments
strips or bands of fibrous connective tissue
tendons
thick, strong ligaments that attach muscles to bone
anatomic position
body is standing erect with feet flat on the floor, face and eyes facing forward, and arms at the sides with the palms facing forward
supine
lying face upward
prone
lying flat on abdomen
superior or cephalic
what is above something
inferior or caudal
what is below somehing
distal
being situated away from the center of the body or point of attachment
proximal
being close to center of body or point of attachment
medial
being close to midline
lateral
being further away from the midline
caudal
near to the tail
cephalic
near to the head
supine
sagittal plane
divides body into equal left and right sides
frontal plane
divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sides
transverse plane
divides the body into cranial and caudal portions
cranial cavity
space inside the skull
spinal cavity
space in which spinal cord passes
thoracic cavity
houses lungs and heart
abdominopelvic cavity
includes abdominal and pelvic cavity
diaphragm
sits btw thoracic and abdominal cavity
list the 4 abdominal quadrants
right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ)
umbilical region
central region - located around umbilicus
epigastric region
above the stomach
hypogastric
below the stomach
hypochondriac regions
upper regions on either side of the epigastric region
lumbar regions
regions on either side of the umbilical region
inguinal region
regions on either side of the hypogastric region
