ch 3 bioenergetics of exercise and training

Question 1

bioenergetics def

Answer 1

the flow of energy in a biological system

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules associated with the release of energy (fat, protein, carbs to atp)

Question 3

anabolism

Answer 3

the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules

Question 4

exergonic reactions

Answer 4

are energy-releasing reactions and generally catabolic

Question 5

endergonic reactions

Answer 5

require energy and include anabolic processes and the contraction of muscle

Question 6

metabolism

Answer 6

the total of all the catabolic or exergonic and anabolic or endergonic reactions in a biological system

Question 7

energy derived from catabolic or exergonic reactions is used to

Answer 7

drive anabolic or endergonic reactions through an intermediate molecule ATP

Question 8

ATP

Answer 8

adenosine triphosphate - allows the transfer of endergy from exergonic to endergonic reactions

Question 9

ATP is composed of

Answer 9

adenosine and three phosphate groups

adenosine= nitrogen containing base + ribose (five carbon sugar)

Question 10

hydrolysis

Answer 10

the breakdown of one molecule of atp to yield energy (requires one molecule of water)

Question 11

the hydrolysis of atp is catalyzed by the presence of an enzyme called

Answer 11

adenosine triphosphatease ATPase, specifically myosin ATPase, calcium ATPase, sodium-potasium ATPase

Question 12

hydrolysis of ATP cleaves the second phosphate group and yields

Answer 12

adenosine monophosphate AMP

Question 13

the energy released primarily from hydrolysis of ATP and secondarily from ADP results in

Answer 13

biological work

Question 14

ATP is classified as a

Answer 14

high energy molecule because it stores a lot of energy in the chemical bonds of the two terminal phosphate groups

Question 15

ATP producing process occurs

Answer 15

in the cell

Question 16

Three basic energy systems exist in mammalian muscle cells to replenish ATP:

Answer 16

phosphagen system
glycolysis
oxidative system

Question 17

anaerobic processes

Answer 17

do not require the presence of oxygen

Question 18

aerobic mechanisms depend on

Answer 18

oxygen

Question 19

the phosphagen and glycolytic systems are ______and occure in the_________

Answer 19

anaeorbic, sarcoplasm of muscle cells

Question 20

The Krebs cycle, electron transport, and the rest of the oxydative system are_____ and occur in the _____

Answer 20

aerobic, mitochondria of muscle cells

Question 21

of the three macronutrients only ______can be metabolized for energy without the direct involvement of _____

Answer 21

carbohydrates, oxygen

Question 22

carbohydrate is critical during

Answer 22

anaerobic metabolism

Question 23

all three energy systems are active at all time, however, the magnitude of the contribution of each system is dependent on

Answer 23

primarily the intensity of the activity, secondarily the duration of the activity