Ch. 3: Aircraft Familiarization Flashcards
What rescue concerns are emerging with the use of new large aircraft (NLA)?
Possibility of second floor access complications & collapse
Which designator letter is assigned to unmanned aerial vehicle?
Unmanned aerial, is letter “U”.
Name the 9 general Aircraft types.
- Commercial Transport
- Commuter/Regional
- Cargo, Includes (combi-aircraft)
- General Aviation
- Business/Corporate
- Military Aviation
- Rotary-wing (Helicopters)
- Fire-Fighting
- Other
Which U designated aircraft is the exception, that is used for high altitude recon?
The U-2 surveillance aircraft
What types of aircraft are classified as others?
- Vintage
- Medical Evac./Transport
- Tilt-rotor aircraft
- Ultralight aircraft
- Experimental/amateur
- Agricultural (crop)
- Skydiver transport
- Aerobatics
- Lighter-than-air (blimps, hot-air balloons)
Explain major aircraft components for Fixed wing.
- Fuselage
- Wings
- Tail (Empennage)
Explain major aircraft components for Rotary wing.
- Fuselage
- Main rotor(s)
- Tail rotors
- Landing gear
List the major parts of the Fuselage on an aircraft.
- Landing gear
- Cockpit (Flight deck)
- Passenger Compartment
- Static eliminator
- Pitot tubes
List the major locations & systems that can be found in & around the passenger compartment.
- Galley
- Lavatories
- Storage bins
- Emergency Exits
- Exit rows
- Emergency Lighting
- Light Ballasts
- Supplemental Oxygen cylinder
List the major parts of the Wing on an aircraft.
- Engines
- Nacelle
- Flaps & Slats
- Ailerons
- Spoilers & Speed brake
- Vortex generators
List the major parts of the Empennage on an aircraft.
- Elevator
- Rudder
- Vertical Stabilizer
- Horizontal Stabilizer
A device that enables the pilot to control the direction of flight, altitude, and of the aircraft; includes ailerons, elevator, rudder, flaps and slats, spoilers and speed brakes.
- Flight Control Surface
What two types of landing gear do rotary-wing aircraft have?Explain the features of each.
- Conventional: Main landing gear, might retract. Also can be pontoons.
- Skids: Used in smaller choppers, resemble platforms and “hover taxi” on taxiway.
Where is the Magneto used? What is it’s function? What danger can it cause to ARFF personnel?
- Used in gas engines, making the spark in fuel combustion.
- Usually each engine has at least two.
- Danger if props are bumped or rotated, it can ignite any unspent fuels, causing engine to restart.
- Disconnecting the battery doesn’t prevent the magneto from functioning.
How many types of Turbine engines are listed?
- Turbojet
- Turbofan
- Turboprop
- Turboshaft
Define a Narrow body aircraft
- Designed with single aisles usually 18’-20” wide
- Seat up top 235 persons
- 2 or 3 engines
as much as 13,000 gals of jet fuel - Older models Plug-in cabin doors
- New models use Vault-type doors
If higher than 6’, must have Emergency Slides - Cargo & luggage is usually bulk loaded in 2 or 3 compartments, on the bottom of fuselage, access on right.
Define Wide body aircraft
- Can seat up to 500 passengers
- Dual aisles, some center section
- 2 to 4 jet engines
- May carry as much as 58,000 gal of fuel
- Power assisted door, may have pneumatic or spring-tension emergency ops.
- Some doors open up into overhead area, other outward
- Older planes plug-type doors, newer vault type.
- Escape Slide on almost all, can be de-armed from outside
- Over wing escape door more common than hatches.
- Cargo & luggage are usually preload in containers or pallets.
- Can have both Fire detection & Fire-Extinguisher systems.
What are some details of New Large Aircraft (NLA)
- Also called Very Large Aircraft (VLA)
- May hold up to 900 passengers.
- Potential issues for Rescue & F/F staff access of 2nd floor.
- Collapse possibility of 2nd floor.
List details of Commuter/Regional Aircraft:
- Usual carries 19 to 60 passengers.
- Used for short commercial routes, hubs, regional.
- Twin engine, Turboprop in the past.
- Presently use jet engines.
- Cramped & congested in emergencies
- Limited egress locations.
- Cabin doors often forward facing service.
- Some can be access through rear cargo.
- Can be stretched to hold 100 persons, add 1 or 2 doors.
- Larger hazard is the entry stairs built into the doors, low speed impact may impede exit.
List some details of Cargo Aircraft:
- Mainly used for Cargo.
- Many are modified passenger planes to carry pallets & containers.
- Can contain Dangerous Goods (Haz-Mat material)
- Some are Combi-aircraft, used for passengers & cargo.
- Large-frame plane have hydraulic doors located forward & aft of the wing on the left side of the plane.
- Most Cargo doors can operated manually in emergencies.
- Containers/Pallets loaded by numbers or letters, front to back
- Narrow-bosy use lower compartment for bulk packages less than 70lbs.
List the classes of Cargo Compartments:
- There are 5 classes of compartments:
A, B,C & E. - Class D was discontinued on new planes and upgraded to class C on older planes.
- Each class of compartment is usually larger that the preceding. Class A is the smallest & E the biggest.
- Stowage overhead compartments for carry-on aren’t considered as cargo compartment
List features of Class A compartments:
Compartment where fire could easily be discovered by crew while at his station & where all compartments are easily accessed in flight. Compartments can be located flight deck & passenger cabins. Can be found adjacent to the gallery or at the back of the plane.
List features of Class B compartments:
Compartment with separate, smoke or fire detection system to warn pilot or flight crew engineer. Has enough access in flight to allow crew to effectively reach any compartment with hand-held fire extinguisher. When accessing compartments, it won’t let the pilot, flight crew or passenger areas get affected.
List features of Class C compartments:
- Has a built-in extinguishing systems are required for control fire in lieu of crew accessibility.
- Must have smoke & fire detection system. Has no was to limit smoke, fire, flames or extinguishing agent from the crew & passenger area.
- Ventilation controls within the compartment to maintain proper concentration extinguishing agent.
- Usually found under wide-bodied planes passenger cabins.
- Class C & D usually found underneath modern planes. Also found under Class C & upgraded D, under the cargo-only plane deck.
List features of Class D compartments:
Prior to industry change, they were designed without fire detection or fire extinguishing system. Used low air flow to inhibit fires. Now must be Class C, if used for passenger transport, of Class E if used for cargo.
List features of Class E compartments:
The entire cabin usually only for cargo. Smoke or fire detection system required. In lieu of extinguishment system, must provide shut ventilation to compartment. In pressurized plane, have means to prevent smoke, flames or extinguishing agent from getting into flight crew area. Crew emergency exits must be accessible regardless of cargo load or configuration.
List what was mentioned on gaining access to Cargo Compartments:
- Most cargo doors are hinged at the top of their opening & swing out and up. Few open into the compartment. —— Most older narrow-body cargo planes doors open manually.
- Newer narrow-body & almost all wide-body cargo doors open electrically & hydraulically.
- Mechanically operated cargo doors can usually be open manually by releasing a latching handle, & unlocking them, inserting 1/4”, 3/8”, or 1/2” ratchet into the socket hole & rotating.
- *Pneumatic drivers cannot be used because they turn too fast and jam up the mechanism. The socket hole is usually found in the vicinity of the door.
- Large cargo doors may also have mechanical locking devices, that relieve compartment pressure. Many door opening procedures can be found, request help from the air carrier mechanics &/or maintenance.
What are the uses for General Aviation?
- These are used mainly for pleasure or training and are typically small, light and non-pressurized.
- Single or twin, internal-combustion engines, and present firefighting & rescue challenges like a car on the highway. - Usually carry 1 to 10 passengers & up to 90 gal of aviation gas (AVGAS). Some may be larger & carry up to 500 gal of fuel.
- *According to NTSB statistics, a majority of aviation accidents and fatalities involve this type of plane.
Give a list of primary info on Business/Corporate transport:
- Primary use is from smaller, light, non-pressurized to large “commercial-type” jets, all types of models & makes.
- Some big models may carry enough fuel to Europe/Asia.
- Often powered by twin jet engines that operate jet fuel. - Typically pressurized & hold 6 to 16 passengers.
- Many have custom-designed interiors.
- This type combined with general aviation account for the largest variety of styles & configurations.
- Most have 1 entry door, usually located forward of the wing on the left side of the plane.
- Some have over-wing escape hatch on the over-wing escape hatches cannot be opened from the outside.
- Doors, hatches, cargo compartments, & other spaces can often be locked. These usually not cockpit window that can be opened.
What are some of the mentioned highlights on Military Aviation?
- Wide variety of aircraft that can fly all over the world.
- Often used or based in civilian airports.
- Range from single-engine to large multiengine transports & bombers.
- Because of the high altitudes, high speeds, complex instruments, & armament needed by the military, they present an additional hazard for responders.
- Crews usually limited to a few, may have armament, liquid O2, high-powered radar, extensive composite materials & explosive ejection devices.
Military Aircraft are listed as?
A- Attack B- Bomber C- Cargo E- Special Electronic installation F- Fighter H- Helicopter K- Taker O- Observation P- Patrol Q- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) R- Reconnaissance S- Antisubmarine T- Trainer U- Utility V- Vertical Take-off & Land/ Short Take-off/Land (VTOL/STOL) X- Research
List some key feature of Attack Aircraft (A).
- Attack (A) Designed for air-to-air &/or air-to-ground combat, (Attack or Fighters).
- They come as large as 4 engine C-130s, but most are 1 or 2 seat configuration.
- Weapons like internal cannons, missiles, & bombs are carried beneath the wings &/or fuselage.
- Except the ones like the C-130 all other planes have a canopy-removal system and ejection seats.
- Small explosive bolts found on weapons racks & external fuel tanks attachments to jettison them.
List key feature of Bombers (B):
- Designed to carry & drop a large quantity of air-to-ground weapons.
- They have 4 to 8 engines hold crews of 2 to 8.
- They have explosive ejection seats & carry weapons internally, externally, or both.
- Large fuel loads, significant amount of high explosives are expected.
List key feature to Military Cargo/Passenger (C):
- Most popular, C-5. C-17, & C-130 used for cargo.
- They range in all sizes and most can also carry personnel, & wide variety of cargo.
- They don’t have ejection seats or canopy- removal systems.
- They may have jet-assisted takeoff (JATO) attached to the sides of the fuselage.
- Cargo might be armored personnel unit, tanks, munitions, food, supplies.
What is the designation Special Electronic Installation (E):
These are the (AWACS) Airborne Warning & Control Systems and the like.
What is a Fighter (F)?
Same basically as the (A) Attack definition.
What are some key point discussed about Military Helicopters (H)?
- DOD make use of them for assaults & transportation.
- Major role in military ops, large part of aviation fleet.
- The ammunition & weapons are attached, usually inside the cabins or on pods, attached to fuselage.
- Fuel tank may also be carried internally or externally.
- Carry crews of 2 to 5 with passengers, & equipment.
- *The AH-1 & AH-64 have hatches that can be jettisoned explosively.
List some key points about Military Tankers (K), listed:
- Cargo planes modified for in-flight refueling of the aircraft.
- Like the KC-10 & KC-135. They may be able to do both fuel & cargo at the same time.
- Very large fuel loads, above 50,000 gallons.
