Ch. 3

Question 1

ATOM

Answer 1

Smallest unit of an ELEMENT that retains properties of element

Question 2

MOLECULE

Answer 2

2 or more ATOMS of same or different elements BONDED together

Question 3

CELL

Answer 3

Basic structural and functional unit of living things

Question 4

ORGAN

Answer 4

Discrete structure composed of more than one tissue that performs a specialized function.

Question 5

HORMONE

Answer 5

Chemical messenger produced in body, released into blood and ravels to other parts of body, eliciting a response in that area.

Question 6

PROCESS

Answer 6

Atoms -> Molecules -> Cells -> Tissues (ORGANS) -> Organ System -> Whole Organism

Question 7

ORGAN SYSTEM

Answer 7

Nervous * Respiratory * Urinary * Reproductive * Cardi/Circulatory * Lymphatic/Immune * Muscular * Skeletal * Endocrine * Integumentary * Digestive

Question 8

Digestion

Answer 8

Process: Food broken down, small enough to be absorbed into body

Question 9

Absorption

Answer 9

Process: taking substances from Gastrointestinal tract into interior of body

Question 10

Fatty Acid

Answer 10

MOLECULE made of carbon chain linked to hydrogen w/ acid group at one end of the chain

Question 11

Feces

Answer 11

Body waste, incl. unabsorbed food residue, bacteria, mucus, and dead cells, which is eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract thru Anus.

Question 12

Mucus

Answer 12

Viscous fluid secreted by glands in digestive tract and other parts. Lubricates, moistens, and protects from harsh environments.

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

Protein molecule; accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed.

Question 14

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Organs)

Answer 14

Mouth * Pharynx * Esophagus * Stomach * Small Intestine * Large Intestine * Anus

Question 15

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Accessory Organs)

Answer 15

Salivary * Liver * Pancreas * Gallbladder

Question 16

Mucosal Cell

Answer 16

Epithelial cell - Makes up mucus membranes (lining of gastrointestinal tract)

Question 17

Transit Time

24-72 hours

Answer 17

Time it takes fir food to travel the length of GI Tract (Mouth to Anus)

Question 18

Saliva

Answer 18

Watery fluid produced and secreted into mouth by salivary glands. Contains lubricants, enzymes; other substances

Question 19

Pharynx

Answer 19

Responsible for swallowing part of respiratory tract.

Question 20

Epiglottis

Answer 20

Elastice connective tissue, covers opening of lungs during swallow

Question 21

Peristalsis

Answer 21

Muscular contractions that move material through GI Tract.

Question 22

Sphincter

Answer 22

Muscle encircling the tube of Dig. Tract acting as a valve. (Contract = Close; Relax = Open)

Question 23

Gastric Juice

Answer 23

Neutralizes Stomach acid. substance containing hydro-chloric acid and inactive pepsin, produced by gastric stomach glands

Question 24

Segmentation

Answer 24

Sloshes food back and forth by peristalsis

Question 25

Pancreatic Juice

Answer 25

Contains bicarbonate & digestive enzymes to aid in digestion

Question 26

Pancreatic Amylase

Answer 26

Enzyme continues breaking down starches into sugars, started by salivary amylase

Question 27

Proteases

Answer 27

Protein Digesting enzymes (Protein ->Amino Acids)

Question 28

Lipases

Answer 28

Fat Digesting enzymes (Lipids -> Fatty Acids)

Question 29

Bile

Answer 29

Digestive Fluid, Aids in digestiona nd absorption- Made in Liver, stored in Gallbladder, released into small intestine.

Question 30

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 30

Assisted Diffusion of SUBSTANCE across cell membrane

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

Unassisted Diffusion of WATER across cell membrane

Question 32

Simple Diffusion

Answer 32

Unassisted Diffusion of SUBSTANCE across cell membrane

Question 33

Active Transport

Answer 33

Transport of SUBSTANCE, aid of a carrier molecule, and expenditure of energy.

Question 34

Intestinal Microbiota

Answer 34

Microorganisms that grow after slow movement of material in Large and Small Intestine

Question 35

PreBiotics

Answer 35

Substance that passes undigested food unto the colon. Stimulates growth/activity of certain Bacteria

Question 36

ProBiotic

Answer 36

Product that contains live bacteria, lives temp in colon inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria

Question 37

Antigen

Answer 37

Foreign subastance, stimulates an immune response when uintroduced to the body

Question 38

Phagocytes

Answer 38

White blood cells that defend body from Antigen (Front Line)

Question 39

Lymphocytes

Answer 39

Target specific antigens (Join Phagocytes)

Question 40

Antibodies

Answer 40

Bind to antigens to help destroy them. (A protein)