Ch. 3 Flashcards
ATOM
Smallest unit of an ELEMENT that retains properties of element
MOLECULE
2 or more ATOMS of same or different elements BONDED together
CELL
Basic structural and functional unit of living things
ORGAN
Discrete structure composed of more than one tissue that performs a specialized function.
HORMONE
Chemical messenger produced in body, released into blood and ravels to other parts of body, eliciting a response in that area.
PROCESS
Atoms -> Molecules -> Cells -> Tissues (ORGANS) -> Organ System -> Whole Organism
ORGAN SYSTEM
Nervous * Respiratory * Urinary * Reproductive * Cardi/Circulatory * Lymphatic/Immune * Muscular * Skeletal * Endocrine * Integumentary * Digestive
Digestion
Process: Food broken down, small enough to be absorbed into body
Absorption
Process: taking substances from Gastrointestinal tract into interior of body
Fatty Acid
MOLECULE made of carbon chain linked to hydrogen w/ acid group at one end of the chain
Feces
Body waste, incl. unabsorbed food residue, bacteria, mucus, and dead cells, which is eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract thru Anus.
Mucus
Viscous fluid secreted by glands in digestive tract and other parts. Lubricates, moistens, and protects from harsh environments.
Enzyme
Protein molecule; accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Organs)
Mouth * Pharynx * Esophagus * Stomach * Small Intestine * Large Intestine * Anus
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Accessory Organs)
Salivary * Liver * Pancreas * Gallbladder
Mucosal Cell
Epithelial cell - Makes up mucus membranes (lining of gastrointestinal tract)
Transit Time
24-72 hours
Time it takes fir food to travel the length of GI Tract (Mouth to Anus)
Saliva
Watery fluid produced and secreted into mouth by salivary glands. Contains lubricants, enzymes; other substances
Pharynx
Responsible for swallowing part of respiratory tract.
Epiglottis
Elastice connective tissue, covers opening of lungs during swallow
Peristalsis
Muscular contractions that move material through GI Tract.
Sphincter
Muscle encircling the tube of Dig. Tract acting as a valve. (Contract = Close; Relax = Open)
Gastric Juice
Neutralizes Stomach acid. substance containing hydro-chloric acid and inactive pepsin, produced by gastric stomach glands
Segmentation
Sloshes food back and forth by peristalsis
Pancreatic Juice
Contains bicarbonate & digestive enzymes to aid in digestion
Pancreatic Amylase
Enzyme continues breaking down starches into sugars, started by salivary amylase
Proteases
Protein Digesting enzymes (Protein ->Amino Acids)
Lipases
Fat Digesting enzymes (Lipids -> Fatty Acids)
Bile
Digestive Fluid, Aids in digestiona nd absorption- Made in Liver, stored in Gallbladder, released into small intestine.
Facilitated Diffusion
Assisted Diffusion of SUBSTANCE across cell membrane
Osmosis
Unassisted Diffusion of WATER across cell membrane
Simple Diffusion
Unassisted Diffusion of SUBSTANCE across cell membrane
Active Transport
Transport of SUBSTANCE, aid of a carrier molecule, and expenditure of energy.
Intestinal Microbiota
Microorganisms that grow after slow movement of material in Large and Small Intestine
PreBiotics
Substance that passes undigested food unto the colon. Stimulates growth/activity of certain Bacteria
ProBiotic
Product that contains live bacteria, lives temp in colon inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria
Antigen
Foreign subastance, stimulates an immune response when uintroduced to the body
Phagocytes
White blood cells that defend body from Antigen (Front Line)
Lymphocytes
Target specific antigens (Join Phagocytes)
Antibodies
Bind to antigens to help destroy them. (A protein)
