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The Principles of Nutrition > Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ATOM

A

Smallest unit of an ELEMENT that retains properties of element

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2
Q

MOLECULE

A

2 or more ATOMS of same or different elements BONDED together

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3
Q

CELL

A

Basic structural and functional unit of living things

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4
Q

ORGAN

A

Discrete structure composed of more than one tissue that performs a specialized function.

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5
Q

HORMONE

A

Chemical messenger produced in body, released into blood and ravels to other parts of body, eliciting a response in that area.

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6
Q

PROCESS

A

Atoms -> Molecules -> Cells -> Tissues (ORGANS) -> Organ System -> Whole Organism

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7
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM

A

Nervous * Respiratory * Urinary * Reproductive * Cardi/Circulatory * Lymphatic/Immune * Muscular * Skeletal * Endocrine * Integumentary * Digestive

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8
Q

Digestion

A

Process: Food broken down, small enough to be absorbed into body

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9
Q

Absorption

A

Process: taking substances from Gastrointestinal tract into interior of body

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10
Q

Fatty Acid

A

MOLECULE made of carbon chain linked to hydrogen w/ acid group at one end of the chain

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11
Q

Feces

A

Body waste, incl. unabsorbed food residue, bacteria, mucus, and dead cells, which is eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract thru Anus.

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12
Q

Mucus

A

Viscous fluid secreted by glands in digestive tract and other parts. Lubricates, moistens, and protects from harsh environments.

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13
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein molecule; accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed.

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14
Q

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Organs)

A

Mouth * Pharynx * Esophagus * Stomach * Small Intestine * Large Intestine * Anus

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15
Q

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Accessory Organs)

A

Salivary * Liver * Pancreas * Gallbladder

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16
Q

Mucosal Cell

A

Epithelial cell - Makes up mucus membranes (lining of gastrointestinal tract)

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17
Q

Transit Time

24-72 hours

A

Time it takes fir food to travel the length of GI Tract (Mouth to Anus)

18
Q

Saliva

A

Watery fluid produced and secreted into mouth by salivary glands. Contains lubricants, enzymes; other substances

19
Q

Pharynx

A

Responsible for swallowing part of respiratory tract.

20
Q

Epiglottis

A

Elastice connective tissue, covers opening of lungs during swallow

21
Q

Peristalsis

A

Muscular contractions that move material through GI Tract.

22
Q

Sphincter

A

Muscle encircling the tube of Dig. Tract acting as a valve. (Contract = Close; Relax = Open)

23
Q

Gastric Juice

A

Neutralizes Stomach acid. substance containing hydro-chloric acid and inactive pepsin, produced by gastric stomach glands

24
Q

Segmentation

A

Sloshes food back and forth by peristalsis

25
Q

Pancreatic Juice

A

Contains bicarbonate & digestive enzymes to aid in digestion

26
Q

Pancreatic Amylase

A

Enzyme continues breaking down starches into sugars, started by salivary amylase

27
Q

Proteases

A

Protein Digesting enzymes (Protein ->Amino Acids)

28
Q

Lipases

A

Fat Digesting enzymes (Lipids -> Fatty Acids)

29
Q

Bile

A

Digestive Fluid, Aids in digestiona nd absorption- Made in Liver, stored in Gallbladder, released into small intestine.

30
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Assisted Diffusion of SUBSTANCE across cell membrane

31
Q

Osmosis

A

Unassisted Diffusion of WATER across cell membrane

32
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

Unassisted Diffusion of SUBSTANCE across cell membrane

33
Q

Active Transport

A

Transport of SUBSTANCE, aid of a carrier molecule, and expenditure of energy.

34
Q

Intestinal Microbiota

A

Microorganisms that grow after slow movement of material in Large and Small Intestine

35
Q

PreBiotics

A

Substance that passes undigested food unto the colon. Stimulates growth/activity of certain Bacteria

36
Q

ProBiotic

A

Product that contains live bacteria, lives temp in colon inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria

37
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign subastance, stimulates an immune response when uintroduced to the body

38
Q

Phagocytes

A

White blood cells that defend body from Antigen (Front Line)

39
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Target specific antigens (Join Phagocytes)

40
Q

Antibodies

A

Bind to antigens to help destroy them. (A protein)

The Principles of Nutrition (3 decks)

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