Ch 3 Flashcards
o Fall + winter: First Nations trap
o Spring + summer:
o First Nations trap
o trading
• Beaver Pelts
o Used for hats o Popular in Europe 1700’s o Local beaver dwindled o Deadfall Trap o Skinning o Stretch
o Made Beaver
o Standard of Trade
o 1 good condition prime beaver skin
o HBC Points Blanket
o Main item traded for
o Graded weight + size on Pt system
o Then brass tokens made
o Made beaver
• Coureurs de bois
o Wood runners
o Unlicensed traders
o Went into the interior
o Brought back to New France
• Voyageurs
o New France wanted more control
o Issued permits
o Canoe transport
o Into interior
• Custom of the Country
o Process of French traders marrying 1st nations
• Metis
Country Born
Acculturation
o 1st Nations and European
o Child from 1st nations women and British HBC
o Adoption of values and behaviors from others
• Radisson and Groseilliers
o Plan of bypassing St Lawrence to reach interior o Nonsuch o Groseilliers on board o Set out for H Bay o Anchored on Rupert River o Radisson on Eaglet forced to turn back o Proved it practical + profitable o Led to Hudson’s Bay company creation
• Royal Charter
o May 2 1670
o King Charles 2nd granted to the “company of Adventures of England trading into Hudson Bay”
o Made King’s cousin Prince Rupert and group of men “true and absolute lords and proprietors” of land flowing in H Bay
o Rupert’s Land
• David Thompson
•Explorer, mapmaker
o HBC apprentice
o 1st to provide full view of west
o Charted official US and Canada boundary
o Nonsuch
o Groseilliers on board o Set out for H Bay o Anchored on Rupert River o Radisson on Eaglet forced to turn back o Proved it practical + profitable o Led to Hudson’s Bay company creation
• York Factory, MB
o Oldest permanent settlement in MB
o Most important HBC post
o Handled: All goods going in, All furs coming out
• Upper Fort Garry
o Established in 1822
o Flood damage in 1826 = abandoned
o Return to meet needs of Red River settlement
o Final withdraw: Winnipeg growth, decline of fur trade
o Original Governor’s gate remains
• Lower Fort Garry
o Lower fort would be flood free
• Home Guard
o Middlemen and families settled near HBC forts
• East India company
o Control over East Trade
• Fort St George
1st English fortress in India
• Fort Gibraltar
o Built at the Forks o British Colonist and NWC conflicts o Captured o Destroyed o Capture deemed illegal by British authorities o NWC given permission to rebuild o Name changed to Fort Garry
o La Verendrye
o One of 1st to arrive at the Forks o Looked for river to west o Set up trade post Fort Rouge o 1st Euro building at the Forks o Britain drawn into NWC-HBC struggle
o HBC
o NWC
o English, HQ=London
o Scots, French, Natives, HQ=Montreal
• North West Company
o Fur trade o Montreal traders pooled resources o Reduce competition among themselves o Resist inland advances of HBC o Managed by Scots in Montreal o USA+HBC increased competition o Need for more formal + permanent group o Amalgamated smaller groups o NWC o Nor’Westers o HBC: English, HQ=London o NWC: Scots, French, Natives, HQ=Montreal o Wanted Britain to end HBC monopoly o Failed o Intensified direct rivalry o Nor’Westers prevailed o Britain drawn into NWC-HBC struggle o Each lobbied for official support o Coalition o 53 field officers, 32 NWC and 21 HBC o Name, Charter of the old HBC
International financial society
British invest group, buy HBC. Interest in real estate not trade
• York Boats
o Named for York Factory
o Carried twice the cargo of a canoe
o Less easily damaged by ice
o Safer in storms
French trading system
Fall + winter: First Nations trap
Fur is thickest and best condition
Spring + summer: trading
English trading system
o Realized $ was worthless o Needed unit of value o Standard of Trade = Made Beaver o Made Beaver = 1 good condition prime beaver skin o Prices set in Made Beaver o HBC Points Blanket o Main item traded for o Graded weight + size on Pt system o Then brass tokens made o Made beaver
