Ch 3

Question 1

Self schema

Answer 1

A believe people hold about themselves that guides the processing of self relevant information

Question 2

Affective forecasting

Answer 2

The process of predicting how one would feel in response to feature emotional events

Question 3

Self perception theory

Answer 3

The theory that when internal cues are difficult to interpret people gain self insight by observing their own behavior

Question 4

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 4

The hypothesis that changes in facial expression can lead to corresponding changes in emotion

Question 5

Over justification effect

Answer 5

The tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have become associated with reward for other extrinsic factors

Question 6

Social comparison theory

Answer 6

Theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others

Question 7

Two factor theory of emotion

Answer 7

The theory that experience of emotion is based on two factors; physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal

Question 8

Dialecticism

Answer 8

Eastern system of thought that accepts the coexistence of contradictory characteristic within a single person

Question 9

Self esteem

Answer 9

An affective component of the self consisting of a persons positive and negative self evaluations

Question 10

Terror management theory

Answer 10

Theory that humans cope with the fear of their own death by constructing worldviews that help to preserve their self-esteem

Question 11

Self awareness theory

Answer 11

Theory that self focused attention leads people to notice self discrepancies, thereby motivating and escape from self-awareness or a change in behavior

Question 12

Private self consciousness

Answer 12

Personality characteristics of individuals who are introspective, often attending to their own inner states

Question 13

Public self consciousness

Answer 13

Personality characteristic of individuals who focus on themselves as social objects, as seen by others.

Question 14

Self regulation

Answer 14

Process by which people control their thoughts, feelings, or behavior in order to achieve a personal and social goal

Question 15

Implicit egotism

Answer 15

A non conscious form of self enhancement

Question 16

Self handicapping

Answer 16

Behaviors designed to sabotage ones own performance in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure

Question 17

Bask in reflected glory

Answer 17

To increase self esteem by associating with others who are successful

Question 18

Downward social comparison

Answer 18

The defensive tendency to compare ourselves with others who are worse off than we are

Question 19

Self presentation

Answer 19

Strategies people use to shape what others think of them

Question 20

Self monitoring

Answer 20

Tendency to change behavior in response to the self presentation concerns of the situation

Question 21

What is self concept

Answer 21

What you think about yourself

Question 22

What are the four elements

Answer 22

1. self schema
2. Social identities
3. Culture influences structure of self concept
4. Possible selves

Question 23

What is self schema

Answer 23

Basic unit of knowledge we have of ourselves, beliefs about myself that influence how I process self relevant information

Question 24

What are social identities

Answer 24

Part of a group membership that is part of my self concept. Used to manage self esteem

Question 25

What is an individualistic culture

Answer 25

Independent self concept what is structure around what makes me different. Our culture.

Question 26

What is a collectivist culture

Answer 26

Interdependent self concepts that are structured around the things/ links that link you to others

Question 27

What is a desired self

Answer 27

The image we would like to become

Question 28

What is a feared self

Answer 28

The image of who we don't want to become

Question 29

How do you determine if you are schematic for something

Answer 29

You make judgements about yourself, you are quick to recall examples that fit, quick to reject inconsistent feedback, likely to notice in others.

Question 30

How do we know who we are?

Answer 30

Memory: reconstructed memory, self references effect, ego centric bias, expectancy effect

Question 31

What is reconstructed memory

Answer 31

Memory for events is altered by things that happen after events and things other people tell us about what they remember

Question 32

Self reference effect

Answer 32

My memory is better for things that are relevant to me

Question 33

Ego centric bias

Answer 33

Remember myself as more central to events than what I may have been (remembering what you said or what the people on the sides of you said

Question 34

Expectancy effects

Answer 34

Sometimes we remember what we expected to happen and not what actually did.

Question 35

Vicarious self perception

Answer 35

You might infer something about yourself by observing the behavior of someone else whom you completely identify with

Question 36

Impact bias

Answer 36

Overestimate of strength and duration of emotional reactions

Question 37

Two reason impact bias affects predictions

Answer 37

1. We overlook psychological coping mechanisms | 2. When we become so focused on a single event we neglect to take into account of other life experiences

Question 38

Example of self perception theory

Answer 38

Devour a sandwich then realize how hungry you were

Question 39

Example of facial feedback theory

Answer 39

Smiling or frowning when watching a cartoon then judging it. Smiling people find it funnier.

Question 40

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 40

Originates in factors within a person

Question 41

Example of intrinsic motivation

Answer 41

Engaging in activities for your own interest, the challenge, or enjoyment

Question 42

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 42

Originates in factors outside the person

Question 43

Example of extrinsic motivation

Answer 43

Engaging in an activity that has a means to an end, a benefit, such as acquiring money, grades, or an award.

Question 44

Sociometer theory

Answer 44

Maintains that people are inherently social animals and that the desire for self-esteem is driven by w more primitive need to connect with driven by a more primitive need to connect with others and gain approval

Question 45

How Higgins stated the self discrepancy theory

Answer 45

self esteem is defined by the match or mismatch between how we see ourselves and how we want to see ourselves

Question 46

Self concept

Answer 46

The sum total of an individual's believes about his or her own personal attributes

Question 47

What are the two type of introspection

Answer 47

Emotional and cognitive

Question 48

What does the self perception theory work for

Answer 48

Attitudes, emotional, and motivation

Question 49

What are the alerts to the social comparison theory

Answer 49

Self presentations, self verification, and self esteem

Question 50

What is an example of self presentation

Answer 50

Dressing professional for an interview

Question 51

Strategic self presentation

Answer 51

Efforts to shape the impression of others to be seen as competent, like able, powerful etc. all to gain influences, power, sympathy or approval

Question 52

Ingratiation

Answer 52

Goal to be liked. An example of strategic self presentation

Question 53

What is a problem with strategic self presentation

Answer 53

People can be offended by thinking you are trying to manipulate them.

Question 54

What is self presentation

Answer 54

A form of ingratiation