Ch 3&4 Disease

Question 1

What’s the difference between incidence and prevalence

Answer 1

Incidence only new cases, prevalence new and old cases

Question 2

What’s the difference between endemic and epidemic

Answer 2

Endemic diseases are moderate/steady while epidemic have high number of cases

Question 3

in which type of disease, the prevalence of a disease is similar to it’s incidence

Answer 3

acute disease (number of new & old = new cases)

Question 4

What virus is an example of high morbidity but low mortality

Answer 4

Norovirus, many people have it but mortality is 0 (causes vomit/diarrhea but no death)

Question 5

What’s the difference between morbidity and mortality

Answer 5

morbidity = illness, mortality = death

Question 6

Edward Jenner discovered

Answer 6

smallpox

Question 7

John Snow discovered

Answer 7

Chlorea

Question 8

Florence Nightingale helped with

Answer 8

disease prevention/spread

Question 9

What’s the difference between variolation and vaccination

Answer 9

variolation = intentionally infecting people, more disease to prevent serious cases. Vaccination = safer and would rarely transmit to others

Question 10

What’s the difference between case-control and cohort method

Answer 10

case-control tracks past cases from outcome to exposure, cohort tracks forward from exposure to outcome (can be past or future)

Question 11

What’s the difference between horizontal and vertical transmission

Answer 11

horizontal direct host-to-host transmission (only respiratory tract route) vertical transmits from 1 generation of host to the next (uses other routes of transmission)

Question 12

why can virus enter via respiratory tract and cause systemic infection?

Answer 12

the virus can spread to other organs, making it a systemic infection

Question 13

Acute and subclinical are similar. They have short infection duration and have infectious progeny. But what makes them different?

Answer 13

acute has symptoms while subclinical has no symptoms

Question 14

Chronic and persistent are the same, but what makes them different from subclinical?

Answer 14

they are NOT terminated by the immune system. More active than persistent and can develop if host has poor immune system

Question 15

Which classification of viral infection is best adapted to coexist with the host

Answer 15

Latent. it starts and finish as acute infections (ex herpes virus)

Question 16

viremia is the presence of what in the bloodstream

Answer 16

viremia is the presence of virus in the bloodstream

Question 17

what does viremia mean and what’s the difference between primary and secondary viremia

Answer 17

Viremia is the presence of virus in the blood. Primary is the initial spread and secondary is the resulted infection of the tissues

Question 18

What’s the difference between equilibrium and non-equilibrium virus?

Answer 18

equilibrium has a stable relationship with host. Non-equilibrium hasn’t evolved to coexist with humans, can be lethal

Question 19

Herpes simplex virus is an example of equilibrium or non-equilibrium virus?

Answer 19

equilibrium virus