Ch 3 Flashcards
Cognitive development theory by
Jean piagets
4 stages of cognitive development or the way children learn and think
1 sensorimotor (birth-2yo)
2 preoperational (2-7yo)
3 concrete operational (7-11yo)
4 formal operational (adolescence-adulthood)
Sub stages for sensorimotor stage (0-2)
1 (birth to 1 m)
2 (1-4m)
3 (4-8m)
4 (8-12m)
5 (12-18m)
6 (18-24m)
Sup stage1 from sensorimotor stage
Use of reflexes
Grasping and sucking
Movements are primarily reflexes
Sup stage2 from sensorimotor stage
(1-4)
Primary circular reactions
Center on intants own body and behavior
Sup stage3 from sensorimotor stage
(4-8)
Secondary circular reaction
Becomes aware of external environment
Change the movement
Not conscious about their actions
Sup stage4 from sensorimotor stage
(8-12)
Secondary schemata
Differentiates gols
Began to develop relationships
Know behavior =consequence
Sup stage5 from sensorimotor stage
Tertialy circular reaction
Use creativity
تجاربهم بتئدي احيانا لنتائج مختلفة
يطورو طقوس خاصة بيهم
Sup stage6 from sensorimotor stage
Mental representation
القدرة على تمثيل الاشياء داخل العقل
Can plan
وبقدر يتخيل عواقب افعالة
Sub-Stages of Pre-operational:
(2-7)
Sub-Stages of Pre-operational:
•Pre-conceptual stage (2-4 year):
> Thinking tends to be egocentric
> Exhibits use of symbolism.
•Intuitive stage (4-7 years):
> Piaget called it the intuitive substage because children realize they have a vast amount of knowledge but they are unaware of how they know it.
ما عندهم القدرة على التقسيم لاجزاء صغيرة
وما عندهم قدرة على تصنيف الاشياء
STAGE III:
Concrete Operations (7-11 years)
The child is no longer bound by perception and can distinguish fact from fantasy.
• The concept of time becomes increasingly clear during this stage.
• Far past and far future events remain obscure.
• Resonating powers increase rapidly during this stage.
بصيرو يقدرو يعكسو العمليات الحسابة(صارو يفهموها)
ببلشو يتقبلو وجهات النظر الثانية
Stage IV:
Formal Operations (11+ years):
• Able to see relationships and to reason in the abstract.
• According to Piaget, young people develop the capacity to think in purely abstract ways.
• Problem solving and reasoning are key skills developed during this stage.
Theory of psychosexual development by
Sigmund freud
psychodynamic forces,is divided among three components of personality:
the ID, بدو يعمل الاشي دون ما يتطلع عالعواقب
ego,الوسطية
and superego.المثالية المطلقة(ما بدو يعمل)
Stages of Psychosexual Development
Freud’s Stages:
Stage 1: Oral Stage
Birth-1 year
• Satisfaction through oral pleasure
Stage 2: Anal Stage
• 1-3 years
• Pleasure from defecation
Stage 3: Phallic Stage
• 3-6 years
• Sexual pleasure focuses on the genitalia
الاستمناء شائع بهاي المرحلة
Stage 4: Latency Period
• 6-12 years
• Sexual energy is diverted to socially acceptable activities
Stage 5: Genital Stage
• 12 years and beyond
• Sexual maturity
• Sexual intercourse is the goal
The Electra complex,
involves a girl’s desire for her father’s attention and wish to take her mother’s place.
the Oedipus complex,
involving a boy’S desire for his mother and his urge to replace his father who is seen as a rival for the mother’s attention.
Psychosocial theory by
Erik erikson
Stages of Psychosocial
Development
Stage 1: Trust Vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year):
Stage 2: Autonomy Vs. Shame (1 to 3 years):
Stage 3: Initiative Vs. Guilt (3 to 6 years):
Stage 4: Industry Vs. Inferiority (6 to12 yrs):
Stage 5: Identity Vs. Role Confusion (12 to 15 years):
Stage 6: Intimacy Vs. Absorption (late adolescence):
Stage 1: Trust Vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year):
الطفل بتعلم يكون محبوب وبتعلم يثق بأهله اللي بهتمو فيه
اذا ما تم تلبية احتياجاته رح يحس بعدم ثقة ويكون خايف من العالم والناس
Stage 2: Autonomy Vs. Shame (1 to 3 years):
ببلش يستقل ويستخدم مهارات حركية
بوكل لحاله وبلبس وبروح الحمام وبنقي اواعي
الافراط بحماية الطفل بتخليه يشك بحاله وما ينجز ويكون shame
Stage 3: Initiative Vs. Guilt (3 to 6 years):
• This a period of energetic and active imagination.
• The child can develop a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction in his or her activities.
• Children at this stage need to develop a sense of purpose.
• This happens when adults direct children’s urges toward acceptable social practices. As the child oversteps his limits he or she experiences a feeling of guilty.
Stage 4: Industry Vs. Inferiority (6 to12 yrs):
Stage 4: Industry Vs. Inferiority (6 to12 yrs):
• At this time, children enjoy planning and carrying out projects.
• This helps them learn society’s rules and expectations.
• During this stage, children gain approval by developing
intellectual skills such as reading, writing, and math.
• The way family, neighbors, teachers, and friends respond to children affects their future development.
• Children can become frustrated by criticism discouragement, or if parents demand too much control.
• Feelings of incompetence and insecurity will emerge.
Stage 5: Identity Vs. Role Confusion (12 to 15 years):
• In this stage two tasks are who they are and what is their place in this world.
• Success makes individual well-adjusted and individual who have not made any commitment to any occupation inferiority feeling may develop. شعور بالنقص
