Ch 3/16 Health Wellness & Disparities Flashcards
Health Promotion
includes activities to improve general health (excercise & good nutrition)
Disease Prevention
includes activities aimed at preventing specific disorders (flu vaccine)
Nurses use traditional nursing measures and
complementary therapies to help promote health and prevent disease
Complementary Therapies to help prevent disease and promote health can include
guided imagery, massage, relaxation, and music
Levels of prevention address health-related activities that are
primary, secondary, and tertiary
Levels of prevention are not the same
as levels of care
Risk factors
variables specific to an individual which increases the individual’s chance of acquiring a disease or condition
Some risk factors are
modifiable
Nurses identify client-specific risk factors for disease and
help the client take actin to counteract the risk factors, which reduce the risk of disease
Risk factors include
genetics, sex, physiologic, environmental, life-style, and age factors
Genetics
heredity creates a predisposition for various disorders
Genetic diseases
heart disease, cancers, and mental illness
Sex
some diseases are more common in. one sex.
Sex diseases
females have higher incidence of autoimmune disorders, while males have higher suicide rates
Physiologic factors
various physiologic states place clients at risk for health problems
Physiologic diseases
dmi above 25, pregnancy
Environmental Factors
toxic substances and chemicals can affect health where clients live and work
Environmental diseases
water quality, pesticide exposure, and air pollution
Lifestyle risk factors
clients have control over how they live, and making positive choices can reduce risk factors
Lifestyle disease
stress, substance use, tobacco use, diet, lack of exercise, sun exposure
Age factors
screening guidelines from the American diabetes association, American heart association, and American cancer society can promote early detection and intervention
Age disease
a women who is sexually active before the age of 20 should start screening when sexual activity begins
Test
frequency of major exams and screening are baseline for clients who are asymptomatic and do not have risk factors
Routine physical assessment
generally every 1-3 years for females and every 5 years for males. more after age 40
Dental assessment
once a year atleast
TB Screen
all healthcare professionals at hire, weak immune and drug use,
Blood pressure
regular at each health screening and at home
body mass index
each health visit
blood cholesterol
start at age 20, min every 5 years
blood glucose
start age 45, min every 3 years
visual activity
40 and under every 3-5 years. 40-64 every 2 years. 65 and up every year
Hearing activity
periodic and more often if hearing loss is noted
skin assessment
every 3 years age 20-40, annually over 40
digital rectal exam
routine physical exam, or annual if client has 10 year life expectancy. after age 76 consult with provider
colorectal screening
every year between ages 45-75 for fecal occult blood testing, flexible sigmoid every 5, or colonoscopy every 10. Consult with provider after age 76
Cervical cancer
age 21-65. pap every 3 years at age 30. Reduce to every 5 years if HPV screening performed as well, after age 65 no testing if everything has been normall
Breast Cancer
ages 40-44 annual mammogram, clients age 55 or older every 1-2 years
Clinical testicular exam
each routine visit, monthly self exam after puberty
Prostate specific antigen test, digital rectal exam
start at age 55 and continue through age 69. Aged 70 an older no need
Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention describe
the focus of activities and the level of prevention
Primary prevention
addresses the needs of healthy clients to promote health and prevent disease
Primary prevention includes
immunization programs, child car seat education, nutrition and fitness activities, health edu in schools
Secondary Prevention
focuses on identifying illness, providing treatment, and conducting activities that help prevent worsening health
Secondary prevention includes
Communicable disease screening, early detection and treatment of diabetes, exercise programs for older adults who are frail
Tertiary Prevention
aims to prevent the long-term consequences of a chronic illness or disability
Tertiary prevention includes
starts after illness or injury, prevention of pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury, promoting independence after TBI, support groups, rehab
Health People 2020
a list of national objectives to promote health and prevent disease among the national population
