Ch 3

Question 0

Functions of the skin

Answer 0

Protection from infection
Regulation of temperature
Synthesis of vitamin d
Prevention of dehydration
Excretion of waste products
Insulates body and protects from trauma through subcutaneous layer of fat
Nerve endings that provide sensory perception to the brain related to pain, heat and cold, touch, pressure, and vibration.

Question 1

Main function of the skin

Answer 1

Protection of internal organs and the first line of defense against infection and injury

Question 2

The dermis (vascular)

Answer 2

The thickest skin layer, composed of live cells
Contains blood vessels and lymph vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands and oil gland contains collagen and elastin

Question 3

The epidermis (avascular)

Answer 3

The outermost protective layer of the skin. Composed of squamous epithelium and keratin. No nerves or blood supply.

Question 4

Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Answer 4

The bottom layer. Loose connective tissue and fat that attaches the epidermal and dermal layers to organs. Formation and storage of lipocytes for insulating and energy regulates body temperature cushions and protects

Question 5

Sebaceous glands

Answer 5

Oil glands secrete sebum through the hair follicles distributed on the body. Their function is to lubricate the skin and hair that covers the body and it also Inhibits bacterial growth.

Question 6

Sudoriferous glands

Answer 6

Excrete sweat which cools the body’s surface

Question 7

Ceruminal gland

Answer 7

Produced cerumen or ear wax and protects canal from foreign body invasion.

Question 8

Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin

Answer 8

Combination of the 3 produce normal coloration of the skin.
Melanin-brown black pigment produced by melanocytes in the epidermis
Carotene- yellowish pigment in parts of the epidermis and dermis
Hemoglobin- pigment found in red blood cells

Question 9

Radiation

Answer 9

Giving off of infrared heat rays to promote heat loss

Question 10

Convection

Answer 10

Transfer of heat from skin to air

Question 11

Evaporation

Answer 11

Returning water to air through vapor

Question 12

Conduction

Answer 12

Transfer of heat by direct contact

Question 13

Thermoreceptor

Answer 13

Senses heat or cold

Question 14

Meissners corpuscle

Answer 14

Sense touch

Question 15

Nociceptor

Answer 15

Senses pain

Question 16

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 16

Senses pressure

Question 17

General appearance of the skin is assessed by observing

Answer 17

Color, temperature, texture( rough or smooth)
Moisture or dryness
Lesions and vascularity
Mobility, and condition of the hair and nails
The general appearance of the skin is assessed by palpating skin turgor possible edema elasticity

Question 18

Pallor

Answer 18

Is an absence of or a decreased in normal skin color and vascularity and is best observed in the conjunctiva or around the mouth

Question 19

Jaundice

Answer 19

Yellowish of the directly related to elevations in serum bilirium, and is often first observed in the sclerae and in the mucus membrane

Question 20

Dark skin

Answer 20

Assumes a purple gray cast during inflammation

Question 21

erythema

Answer 21

redness of the skin caused by congestion of capillaries

Question 22

cyanosis

Answer 22

is the bluish discoloration that results from a lack of oxygen in the blood. in dark people is usually grayish

Question 23

hypopigmentation

Answer 23

may be caused by a fungal infection, eczema, or vitiligo

Question 24

hyperpigmentation

Answer 24

excess color can occur after sun injury or as a result of aging.

Question 25

wheal

Answer 25

elevated mass with transient borders, no free fluid like vesicles

Question 26

pustule

Answer 26

pus filled vesicle or bulla

Question 27

nodule tumor

Answer 27

solid mass, deeper into the dermis than a papule

Question 28

cyst

Answer 28

encapsulated fluid filled or semisolid mass

Question 29

woods light examination

Answer 29

diagnoses pigmentary abnormalities detects superficial fungal and bacterial infections.

Question 30

tzanck smear

Answer 30

secretions from a suspected lesion are examined under a microscope . multinucleated giant cells are diagnostic for herpesvirus or varicella

Question 31

skin biopsy

Answer 31

performed to obtain tissue for microscopic examination. may be performed by scalpel excision or by skin punch instrument