CH 3 Flashcards
Treatment of chronic inflammation
-aimed at removing the source of injury if possible and managing symptoms.
-Long-term use of anti-inflammatory, analgesic or immune-modifying drugs is often needed.
-Chronic infections as a source of chronic inflammation would be treated with antimicrobial drugs.
-Nonpharmacologic treatments are important as well, such as the use of heat or cold, immobilization, dietary changes, exercise/physical therapy, and rest
General manifestations of chronic inflammation
redness, heat, pain, swelling, and loss of function. These symptoms may lead to scarring in the affected area or granuloma formation
Granuloma formation
typically form when the injury is too difficult to control by the usual inflammatory and immune mechanisms, such as with foreign bodies or certain microorganisms
Chronic inflammation
can be related to an unrelenting injury, persistent infectious process, or an autoimmune condition
Common Pharmacologic Agents Used to Treat Inflammation
Aspirin, NSAIDs,glucocorticoids
RICE
rest, ice, compression, and elevation
initial treatment principles for acute inflammation
- Reduce blood flow to the local area
- Decrease swelling
- Block the action of various inflammatory mediators
- Decrease pain
Normal wbc count
5,000 to 10,000/mm3
Leukocytosis
an elevation in WBCs, or leukocytes
Pyrexia
Fever
Cardinal signs(manifestations) of acute inflammation
Erythema, heat, edema, pain, loss of function
Platelets
FormTrap harmful substances; stop bleeding; structural origin of repair
Function of erythrocytes
Carry oxygen to tissues
Macrophages
Phagocytes
Large, A type of WBC; long-lived phagocytes associated with a prolonged inflammatory response
Neutrophils
A type of wbc ; earliest phagocytic responders
Leukocytes
Phagocytosis; removal of dead tissue
initial steps in the inflammatory response influenced by vasoactive inflammatory mediators include
Tissue injury
Blood vessel vasodilation
Increased vascular permeability
Clotting cascade activation
Continued release and circulation of vasoactive inflammatory mediators
Autoimmunity
a self-attack against body tissues.
Kinin
ByAmply the inflammatory response triggering other
Clotting plasma system
Promotes coagulation; suppresses coagulation in various clothing when clotting is complete; factors produce and release inflammatory mediators
Complement plasma system
Role to destroy and remove miccrorganisms to prevent infection
Platelet activating factor
a potent inflammatory mediator that has a key role in promoting vessel vasodilation, clotting, and attracting infection-fighting WBCs to the injury site
Where are potent inflammatory mediators released from?
from a variety of WBCs in order to effectively orchestrate the inflammatory process.
Inflammatory mediators
specifically, vasoactive inflammatory mediators, facilitate the process of widening and loosening the blood vessels at the site of injury
