CH 3

Question 1

Treatment of chronic inflammation

Answer 1

-aimed at removing the source of injury if possible and managing symptoms.
-Long-term use of anti-inflammatory, analgesic or immune-modifying drugs is often needed.
-Chronic infections as a source of chronic inflammation would be treated with antimicrobial drugs.
-Nonpharmacologic treatments are important as well, such as the use of heat or cold, immobilization, dietary changes, exercise/physical therapy, and rest

Question 2

General manifestations of chronic inflammation

Answer 2

redness, heat, pain, swelling, and loss of function. These symptoms may lead to scarring in the affected area or granuloma formation

Question 3

Granuloma formation

Answer 3

typically form when the injury is too difficult to control by the usual inflammatory and immune mechanisms, such as with foreign bodies or certain microorganisms

Question 4

Chronic inflammation

Answer 4

can be related to an unrelenting injury, persistent infectious process, or an autoimmune condition

Question 5

Common Pharmacologic Agents Used to Treat Inflammation

Answer 5

Aspirin, NSAIDs,glucocorticoids

Question 6

RICE

Answer 6

rest, ice, compression, and elevation

Question 7

initial treatment principles for acute inflammation

Answer 7

1. Reduce blood flow to the local area
2. Decrease swelling
3. Block the action of various inflammatory mediators
4. Decrease pain

Question 8

Normal wbc count

Answer 8

5,000 to 10,000/mm3

Question 9

Leukocytosis

Answer 9

an elevation in WBCs, or leukocytes

Question 10

Pyrexia

Answer 10

Fever

Question 11

Cardinal signs(manifestations) of acute inflammation

Answer 11

Erythema, heat, edema, pain, loss of function

Question 12

Platelets

Answer 12

FormTrap harmful substances; stop bleeding; structural origin of repair

Question 13

Function of erythrocytes

Answer 13

Carry oxygen to tissues

Question 14

Macrophages

Answer 14

Phagocytes
Large, A type of WBC; long-lived phagocytes associated with a prolonged inflammatory response

Question 15

Neutrophils

Answer 15

A type of wbc ; earliest phagocytic responders

Question 16

Leukocytes

Answer 16

Phagocytosis; removal of dead tissue

Question 17

initial steps in the inflammatory response influenced by vasoactive inflammatory mediators include

Answer 17

Tissue injury
Blood vessel vasodilation
Increased vascular permeability
Clotting cascade activation
Continued release and circulation of vasoactive inflammatory mediators

Question 18

Autoimmunity

Answer 18

a self-attack against body tissues.

Question 19

Kinin

Answer 19

ByAmply the inflammatory response triggering other

Question 20

Clotting plasma system

Answer 20

Promotes coagulation; suppresses coagulation in various clothing when clotting is complete; factors produce and release inflammatory mediators

Question 21

Complement plasma system

Answer 21

Role to destroy and remove miccrorganisms to prevent infection

Question 22

Platelet activating factor

Answer 22

a potent inflammatory mediator that has a key role in promoting vessel vasodilation, clotting, and attracting infection-fighting WBCs to the injury site

Question 23

Where are potent inflammatory mediators released from?

Answer 23

from a variety of WBCs in order to effectively orchestrate the inflammatory process.

Question 24

Inflammatory mediators

Answer 24

specifically, vasoactive inflammatory mediators, facilitate the process of widening and loosening the blood vessels at the site of injury

Question 25

Exudate

Answer 25

accumulates at the site of injury and has a high protein and leukocyte concentration. This is a sure sign that the vessels have become more permeable and that cells active in phagocytosis are present and ready to fend off microorganisms. Healing can then begin.

Question 26

3 major goals of the acute inflammatory response

Answer 26

1. To increase blood flow to the site of an injury, which is referred to as the vascular response
2. To alert the products of healing to attend to the site of injury, which is referred to as the cellular response
3. To remove injured tissue and prepare the site for repair and healing

Question 27

Third line of defense

Answer 27

activated through the immune response.

Question 28

Second line of defense

Answer 28

waged through an effective inflammatory response

Question 29

First line of defense

Answer 29

involves surface and chemical barriers

Question 30

Chronic inflammatory response

Answer 30

an altered inflammatory response because of unrelenting injury

Question 31

Acute inflammatory response

Answer 31

immediate, expected body response to injury