Ch. 29 Electrolytes and Fluids Flashcards
Which level represents normal sodium concentration outside the cells?
b. 139 mEq/L
Which protein is responsible for 70% of the colloidal osmotic pressure?
b. Albumin
What is the appropriate intravenous fluid to hang as a maintenance infusion for a blood product transfusion?
a. Normal saline
Which percentage of sodium chloride is considered half-normal?
d. 0.45% sodium chloride
Which fluid is given to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity in patients?
d. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)
Which product is necessary for a patient with clotting factor deficiency?
b. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
Which product is preferred in patients with extreme blood loss of over 25%?
a. Whole blood
Which is the fluid of choice in a patient who has lost 15% of blood volume slowly?
b. Crystalloids
Which drug is used to treat hyperkalemia?
d. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat which condition?
b. Hyperkalemia
Which blood product is administered to anemic patients?
c. Packed red blood cells
Which IV fluid will be prescribed for a patient requiring treatment with a hypotonic intravenous (IV) fluid?
b. 0.25% NaCl
Which IV fluid is likely to be prescribed for a patient needing an isotonic intravenous (IV) fluid?
c. Normal saline
What is an appropriate nursing intervention when administering intravenous potassium replacement?
a. Administer the medication in a diluted form.
What action by the nurse is most appropriate for the patient receiving an infusion of packed red blood cells?
a. Flush the IV line with normal saline before the blood is added to the infusion.
What condition must a nurse recognize as a contraindication to potassium infusion?
c. Serum potassium level of 5.6 mEq/L
Which conditions must a nurse recognize as possible contraindications to albumin infusion?
b. Heart failure, d. Renal insufficiency
What type of infusion is most appropriate for a patient with a deficiency in clotting factors?
d. Fresh frozen plasma
While monitoring a patient receiving a crystalloid solution, which potential problem should the nurse monitor for?
d. Fluid overload
What actions by the nurse are appropriate when administering an IV solution that contains potassium chloride?
b. Administer the potassium at a rate no faster than 20 mEq/hr, c. Monitor the patient’s cardiac rhythm with a heart monitor, d. Use an infusion pump for the administration of IV potassium chloride.
What is the calculated mL/hr rate for infusing 1000 mL of NS over 8 hours?
125 mL/hr
For a patient about to receive dextran, which type of blood loss is indicated?
b. Slow loss of over 50% or acute loss of 20%
What IV solution should be administered to a patient with hypotension after receiving 5000 mL of normal saline?
d. Hetastarch
What is the appropriate nursing intervention when giving IV replacement therapy for a serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L?
b. Maintain infusion rate at no greater than 20 mEq/hr.
What signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor for during the IV administration of a hypertonic saline solution?
d. Flushed skin and increased thirst
What is the nurse’s priority action if a patient receiving packed red blood cells develops shortness of breath?
b. Stop the blood transfusion.
Along with platelet transfusions, which blood product would be expected for a patient with renal insufficiency and thrombocytopenia?
c. Fresh-frozen plasma
What IV solution should be prescribed for a patient with signs of intravascular dehydration and a total protein of 4.6 g/dL?
b. 5% albumin
What is the correct pump setting for administering 500 mL of lactated Ringer’s solution over 4 hours?
125 mL/hr
What is the correct pump setting for administering 250 mL of half-normal saline (0.45% NS) over 4 hours?
63 mL/hr
