Ch. 29 Electrolytes and Fluids

Question 1

Which level represents normal sodium concentration outside the cells?

Answer 1

b. 139 mEq/L

Question 2

Which protein is responsible for 70% of the colloidal osmotic pressure?

Answer 2

b. Albumin

Question 3

What is the appropriate intravenous fluid to hang as a maintenance infusion for a blood product transfusion?

Answer 3

a. Normal saline

Question 4

Which percentage of sodium chloride is considered half-normal?

Answer 4

d. 0.45% sodium chloride

Question 5

Which fluid is given to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity in patients?

Answer 5

d. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)

Question 6

Which product is necessary for a patient with clotting factor deficiency?

Answer 6

b. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

Question 7

Which product is preferred in patients with extreme blood loss of over 25%?

Answer 7

a. Whole blood

Question 8

Which is the fluid of choice in a patient who has lost 15% of blood volume slowly?

Answer 8

b. Crystalloids

Question 9

Which drug is used to treat hyperkalemia?

Answer 9

d. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Question 10

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat which condition?

Answer 10

b. Hyperkalemia

Question 11

Which blood product is administered to anemic patients?

Answer 11

c. Packed red blood cells

Question 12

Which IV fluid will be prescribed for a patient requiring treatment with a hypotonic intravenous (IV) fluid?

Answer 12

b. 0.25% NaCl

Question 13

Which IV fluid is likely to be prescribed for a patient needing an isotonic intravenous (IV) fluid?

Answer 13

c. Normal saline

Question 14

What is an appropriate nursing intervention when administering intravenous potassium replacement?

Answer 14

a. Administer the medication in a diluted form.

Question 15

What action by the nurse is most appropriate for the patient receiving an infusion of packed red blood cells?

Answer 15

a. Flush the IV line with normal saline before the blood is added to the infusion.

Question 16

What condition must a nurse recognize as a contraindication to potassium infusion?

Answer 16

c. Serum potassium level of 5.6 mEq/L

Question 17

Which conditions must a nurse recognize as possible contraindications to albumin infusion?

Answer 17

b. Heart failure, d. Renal insufficiency

Question 18

What type of infusion is most appropriate for a patient with a deficiency in clotting factors?

Answer 18

d. Fresh frozen plasma

Question 19

While monitoring a patient receiving a crystalloid solution, which potential problem should the nurse monitor for?

Answer 19

d. Fluid overload

Question 20

What actions by the nurse are appropriate when administering an IV solution that contains potassium chloride?

Answer 20

b. Administer the potassium at a rate no faster than 20 mEq/hr, c. Monitor the patient’s cardiac rhythm with a heart monitor, d. Use an infusion pump for the administration of IV potassium chloride.

Question 21

What is the calculated mL/hr rate for infusing 1000 mL of NS over 8 hours?

Answer 21

125 mL/hr

Question 22

For a patient about to receive dextran, which type of blood loss is indicated?

Answer 22

b. Slow loss of over 50% or acute loss of 20%

Question 23

What IV solution should be administered to a patient with hypotension after receiving 5000 mL of normal saline?

Answer 23

d. Hetastarch

Question 24

What is the appropriate nursing intervention when giving IV replacement therapy for a serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L?

Answer 24

b. Maintain infusion rate at no greater than 20 mEq/hr.

Question 25

What signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor for during the IV administration of a hypertonic saline solution?

Answer 25

d. Flushed skin and increased thirst

Question 26

What is the nurse’s priority action if a patient receiving packed red blood cells develops shortness of breath?

Answer 26

b. Stop the blood transfusion.

Question 27

Along with platelet transfusions, which blood product would be expected for a patient with renal insufficiency and thrombocytopenia?

Answer 27

c. Fresh-frozen plasma

Question 28

What IV solution should be prescribed for a patient with signs of intravascular dehydration and a total protein of 4.6 g/dL?

Answer 28

b. 5% albumin

Question 29

What is the correct pump setting for administering 500 mL of lactated Ringer’s solution over 4 hours?

Answer 29

125 mL/hr

Question 30

What is the correct pump setting for administering 250 mL of half-normal saline (0.45% NS) over 4 hours?

Answer 30

63 mL/hr