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physical science > ch. 29 > Flashcards

ch. 29 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sphere

A

is a round, three dimensional objects, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions

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2
Q

ellipse

A

is an elongated closed curve with two foci

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3
Q

is the earth a perfect sphere?

A

no because the equator is longer than pole to pole

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4
Q

what are two factors that affect gravitational poll

A

an objects mass and the distance between them

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5
Q

which diameter of earth , holds a pole or equator, is the greatest

A

the equator is the greatest

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6
Q

what does the magnetic field

A

harmful radiation

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7
Q

which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere?

A

south magnetic pole

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8
Q

at what degree is the earths axis tilted at?

A

11.7 degrees

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9
Q

does the magnetic reverse?

A

yes

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10
Q

what is the large skill movement called where the magnetic poles reverse?

A

magnetic reversal

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11
Q

how often does magnetic reversals occurs

A

200,000 years

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12
Q

how long ago was the last magnetic reversal happen

A

780,000 years ago

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13
Q

what part of earths magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun

A

magnetosphere

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14
Q

what are the two scientific names of northern lights and southern lights

A

northern lights-aurora borealis

southern lights- aurora australis

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15
Q

how are the auroras created

A

electrically charged particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light (sun)

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16
Q

what month are we closest to the sun

A

January

about 147 million km away

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17
Q

what month is the farthest from the sun

A

July

152 million km away

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18
Q

time zone

A

us an area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

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19
Q

rotation

A

is the spinning of Earth on its axis, and imaginary line drawn from from earths North Pole to its South pole

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20
Q

revolution

A

is the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

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21
Q

ecliptic

A

is defined as the plane if Earth’s orbit around the sun

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22
Q

solstice

A

occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or Northern Hemisphere

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23
Q

equinox

A

Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the sun

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24
Q

who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.

A

Babylonians

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25
Q

what was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

Babylonian symbol for the sun

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26
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees

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27
Q

how many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

24 hours

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28
Q

how many degrees does the Earth spin in one hour?

A

15 degrees

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29
Q

what direction does the sun rise?

A

east

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30
Q

what direction does the sunset?

A

west

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31
Q

true or false: all time zones are the exact same size?

A

false, they are modified to fir around cities,states, and country borders, and other key sites.

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32
Q

how many time zones are there in the world?

A

24 time zones

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33
Q

which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

move to east

34
Q

which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?

A

move to west

35
Q

how many time zones are there in the United States?

A

6 time zones

36
Q

what are the names of the time zones?

A

eastern time,central time,mountain time, pacific time, Atlantic/Alaskan time, Hawaiian time

37
Q

what is a solar day?

A

when the sun is directly above us at noon till the next day its above us at noon

38
Q

what is a sidereal day?

A

when earth rotates based on a star

39
Q

what are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

earth’s tilt and orbit around the sun (how close)

40
Q

which 2 seasons have a solstice?

A

summer and winter

41
Q

which month is the summer solstice?

A

June 21st

42
Q

which month is the winter solstice?

A

December 21st

43
Q

which two seasons are equinoxes

A

spring and fall

44
Q

which month is the spring equinox?

A

march 20th or 21st

45
Q

which month is the fall equinox?

A

September 22nd or 23rd

46
Q

when is the longest day of the year?

A

June 21st

47
Q

when is the shortest day of the year?

A

December 21st

48
Q

when are the days almost 12 hours of the day and 12 hours of night?

A

March and September (spring and fall)

49
Q

tide

A

is a rise or fall in the ocean surface

50
Q

moon phase

A

reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth

51
Q

solar eclipse

A

occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and earth and casts a shadow on earth

52
Q

lunar eclipse

A

occurs when earth passes between the sun and moon and cast a shadow on the moon

53
Q

maria

A

are the dark colored flat lava filled regions on the moons surface

54
Q

regolith

A

is a layer of dusty lunar material

55
Q

how many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?

A

27.3 days

56
Q

a complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?

A

synodic month

57
Q

do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

no

58
Q

what causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

gravitational polls from the moon and sun

59
Q

what is the rise of sea level called?

A

high tide

60
Q

after the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop?

A

6 hours later

61
Q

which is farther from Earth, the sun or the moon?

A

the sun

62
Q

does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earth’s tides?

A

the moon

63
Q

how are the sun,the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?

A

the sun,earth, and the moon is in straight line

64
Q

how are the sun,the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?

A

sun moon and earth are formed in a L shape

65
Q

what does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

depends of the positions of the sun,earth and the moon

66
Q

when does the new moon occur?

A

between the earth and the sun

67
Q

how many phases of the moon are there?

A

8

68
Q

what is the definition of waxing phases?

A

the illuminated portion that we see appears larger r each night

69
Q

what is the definition of waning phases?

A

illuminated begins to appear smaller

70
Q

what are the moon phase names?

A

waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent

71
Q

where is the word month derived?

A

same root word as moon

72
Q

how is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

moon blocks out the sun during the day

73
Q

what is an umbra?

A

area of the total eclipse

74
Q

what is a penumbra?

A

partial eclipse

75
Q

how is the earth,moon, and sun aligned during the lunar eclipse?

A

the earth is between the sun and the moon

76
Q

how are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

comets,meteorites, asteroids

77
Q

are there mountains on the moon?

A

yes

78
Q

which side of the moon is thicker?

A

the dark side of the moon

79
Q

is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?

A

solid

80
Q

what did the Clementine spacecraft do?(2 things)

A

it confirmed that the crust on the side of the moon facing earth is much thinner, and provided information on the mineral content of the Moon rocks

81
Q

what did the Lunar Prospector do? ( 3 things)

A

pictures of the lunar surface, confirmed the moon has a small, iron-rich core, collected evidence that supports the presence of water-ice on the moon

82
Q

what is the Giant Impact Theory?

A

states that a large sized object collided with Earth, then deb re was thrown into orbit that turned into the moon

physical science (6 decks)

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