Ch 28 - Body Composition

Question 1

Body comp eval quantifies the major structural components of the body

Answer 1

Muscle
Bone
Fat

Question 2

Limitations of Height-Weight Tables

Answer 2

Unvalidated estimates of body frame size
Developed form date derived primarily form white populations
Focus specifically on mortality date that may not reflect obesity-related comorbidities
Provide no assessment of body comp

Question 3

Abdominal Fat

Answer 3

Subcutaneous and visceral fat in abdominal region

Question 4

Adipose tissue mass (ATM)

Answer 4

Fat (~83%) plus its supporting structures (~2% protein and 15% water)
Consists predominantly of white adipocytes (cells with single fat droplet, mainly as triacylglycerols)

Question 5

Anthropometry

Answer 5

Standardized techniques to quantify body size, proportions, and shape
Anthropo- human
-metry measure

Question 6

Body Density (Db)

Answer 6

Body mass (BM) expressed per unity body volume 
BM/Body Volume

Question 7

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 7

Ratio of BM to stature squared (BM/Stature^2)

Question 8

Densitometry

Answer 8

Archimedes’ principle of water displacement to estimate whole-body density

hydrostatic weighting

Question 9

Essential lipids

Answer 9

Compound lipids (phospholipitds) needed for cell membrane formation
~10% of total body mass

Question 10

Fat Mass (FM)

Answer 10

All extractable lipids from adipose and other body tissues

Question 11

Fat-Free Body Mass (FFM)

Answer 11

All residual lipid-free chemicals and tissues, including water, muscle, bone, connective tissue and internal organs

Question 12

Intraabdominal fat

Answer 12

Visceral fat in the abdominal

Question 13

Lean body mass (LBM)

Answer 13

FFM plus essential body fat

Question 14

Minimal body mass

Answer 14

BM plus essential body fat (includes sex-specific essential fat); 48.5 kg for the referent woman computed form bone diameters, stature and constants

Question 15

Nonessential lipids

Answer 15

Triacylglycerols found mainly in adipose tissue ~90% total body fat

Question 16

Reference man and reference woman

Answer 16

Behnke’s reference standard for men and women that partition body mass into lean body mass, muscle and bone with fat subdivided into storage and essential fat; standards for body dimensions developed from military and anthropometric surveys

Question 17

Relative body fat (%BF)

Answer 17

FM expressed as percentage of total body mass

Question 18

Specific Gravity

Answer 18

body mass in air divided by loss of weight in water (mass / [BM - BW in water])

Question 19

Stature

Answer 19

Height expressed in metric units
72 in = 182.88 cm = 1.829m

1 in = 2.54 cm

Question 20

Subcutaneous Fat

Answer 20

Adipose tissue underneath the skin

Question 21

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT)

Answer 21

Adipose tissue within and surrounding thoracic and abdominal cavities