Ch. 28

Question 1

metabolic changes due to immobility

Answer 1

immobility=muscle atrophy=negative nitrogen balance=further loss of mass=weakness=immobility

the body loses more nitrogen than it ingests protein
it is a cycle.

Question 2

immobility and respiratory changes

Answer 2

when a person is laying down, they are not using their lungs to their full capacity. fluid accumulates in the lungs along with pus.

atelectasis is most common

Question 3

cardiovascular changes and immobility

Answer 3

1. orthostatic hypotension
2. thrombus formation: you are not getting enough circulation in your legs, since you are just laying there so blood clots form, blood pools there
3. increased cardiac workload

Question 4

musculoskeletal changes and immobility

Answer 4

1. loses lean body mass due to protein breakdown in the body. the pt. feels fatigued.
2. disuse osteoperosis bc of bone resorbption
3. contracture: foot drop. in plantar foot flexion

Question 5

immobility and urinary problems

Answer 5

1. urinary stasis: pelvis fills with blood before the ureter does
2. kidney stones bc of hypercalcemia
3. UTIS

Question 6

Integumentary and immobility

Answer 6

pressure ulcers, ischemia

Question 7

psychosocial effects of immobility

Answer 7

hostile, giddy, fearful, anxious,

since they are isolated they are not getting enough fresh air or sunlight so they may feel depressed

Question 8

reception

perception

Answer 8

reception: receiving stimulus from the environment
perception: your nervous system interpreting the stimuli

Question 9

sensory deprivation
sensory deficit
sensory overload

Answer 9

deprivation: inadequate stimulation from the external environment. results from things like bed rest.
deficit: the person themselves do not have the sensory function. they are either born with it, or loses it over time
overload: the person has too much stimulation going on

Question 10

expressive aphasia vs. receptive aphasia

Answer 10

expressive: can understand but not express in words or in writing.
receptive: cannot understand written or spoken language

Question 11

dynamic sensory impairments

Answer 11

they constantly change over time, so you have to assess them constantly for things like hearing impairments

Question 12

controlling stimuli

Answer 12

close doors and combine nursing activities so that you are not constantly going into the patients room. try to minimize the amount of times that you go in.