Ch. 27 - WWI Flashcards
This was an conservative alliance against radical movements formed in 1873 between Germany, Austria, and Russia.
The Three Emperors’ League
This was the alliance of England, France and Russia throughout World War I. (1914-18)
Triple Entente
The style of warfare was prevalent in the western front of WWI. It resulted in stalemates of great cost, but little gain.
trench warfare
This British passenger ship was sunk by a German submarine in 1915, resulting in the death of over a thousand, including 139 Americans. This contributed to the USA’s entry into WWI.
Lusitania
This is the harnessing of all of society for a war. Some features include food rationing, planned economies, and controlled labor.
total war
This was a German organization, led by Walter Rathenau, which determined German usage and production during WWI. It was a key part of the German total war effort.
War Raw Materials Board
This was the rival governmental branch to the Russian provisional government formed in March 1917. It was a council consisting of two to three thousand soldiers, workers, and socialist intellectuals. Its radical orders, such as Army Order No. 1, weakened the provisional government, allowing Lenin’s Bolsheviks to seize power.
Petrograd Soviet
This removed the authority of Russian military officers, instead placing power in the hands of elected committees of soldiers. It led to a collapse of order in the Russian army and contributed to the provisional government’s fall into anarchy.
Army Order No. 1
These were supporters of Lenin’s idea for a small, disciplined, elitist party to lead Marxian revolution.
Bolsheviks
The freely elected assembly created by the Bolshevik government to write a new constitution. The Bolsheviks only received 1/4 of the seats, however, so Lenin disbanded it, forming a one-party government.
Constituent Assembly
The application of the total war concept to a civil conflict.
war communism
This was the Russian secret police, reestablished by the Bolsheviks, responsible for hunting down enemies of the government.
Cheka
Strongly advocated by President Woodrow Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference, this was designed to be an international organization that would prevent future wars and protect member states from aggression.
League of Nations
This document, formed in 1919 at the Paris peace conference, officially ended WWI. It put heavy blame on Germany for the war.
Treaty of Versailles
Made by the British foreign minister in Nov. 1917, this stated that Britain was in favor of the Zionist movement, as long as it didn’t violate the rights of existing non-Jews.
Balfour Declaration
By 1871, he had made Germany the most powerful nation in Europe. After 1871, he used his diplomatic skills to maintain peace by keeping France isolated and preventing conflict between Austria-Hungary and Russia.
Otto von Bismarck
This emperor of Germany from 1888-1918. His indiscretion contributed to WWI. He dismissed Bismarck and refused to renew the Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty, prompting France and Russia to enter an alliance.
William (Wilhelm) II