Ch. 27 - WWI

Question 1

This was an conservative alliance against radical movements formed in 1873 between Germany, Austria, and Russia.

Answer 1

The Three Emperors’ League

Question 2

This was the alliance of England, France and Russia throughout World War I. (1914-18)

Answer 2

Triple Entente

Question 3

The style of warfare was prevalent in the western front of WWI. It resulted in stalemates of great cost, but little gain.

Answer 3

trench warfare

Question 4

This British passenger ship was sunk by a German submarine in 1915, resulting in the death of over a thousand, including 139 Americans. This contributed to the USA’s entry into WWI.

Answer 4

Lusitania

Question 5

This is the harnessing of all of society for a war. Some features include food rationing, planned economies, and controlled labor.

Answer 5

total war

Question 6

This was a German organization, led by Walter Rathenau, which determined German usage and production during WWI. It was a key part of the German total war effort.

Answer 6

War Raw Materials Board

Question 7

This was the rival governmental branch to the Russian provisional government formed in March 1917. It was a council consisting of two to three thousand soldiers, workers, and socialist intellectuals. Its radical orders, such as Army Order No. 1, weakened the provisional government, allowing Lenin’s Bolsheviks to seize power.

Answer 7

Petrograd Soviet

Question 8

This removed the authority of Russian military officers, instead placing power in the hands of elected committees of soldiers. It led to a collapse of order in the Russian army and contributed to the provisional government’s fall into anarchy.

Answer 8

Army Order No. 1

Question 9

These were supporters of Lenin’s idea for a small, disciplined, elitist party to lead Marxian revolution.

Answer 9

Bolsheviks

Question 10

The freely elected assembly created by the Bolshevik government to write a new constitution. The Bolsheviks only received 1/4 of the seats, however, so Lenin disbanded it, forming a one-party government.

Answer 10

Constituent Assembly

Question 11

The application of the total war concept to a civil conflict.

Answer 11

war communism

Question 12

This was the Russian secret police, reestablished by the Bolsheviks, responsible for hunting down enemies of the government.

Answer 12

Cheka

Question 13

Strongly advocated by President Woodrow Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference, this was designed to be an international organization that would prevent future wars and protect member states from aggression.

Answer 13

League of Nations

Question 14

This document, formed in 1919 at the Paris peace conference, officially ended WWI. It put heavy blame on Germany for the war.

Answer 14

Treaty of Versailles

Question 15

Made by the British foreign minister in Nov. 1917, this stated that Britain was in favor of the Zionist movement, as long as it didn’t violate the rights of existing non-Jews.

Answer 15

Balfour Declaration

Question 16

By 1871, he had made Germany the most powerful nation in Europe. After 1871, he used his diplomatic skills to maintain peace by keeping France isolated and preventing conflict between Austria-Hungary and Russia.

Answer 16

Otto von Bismarck

Question 17

This emperor of Germany from 1888-1918. His indiscretion contributed to WWI. He dismissed Bismarck and refused to renew the Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty, prompting France and Russia to enter an alliance.

Answer 17

William (Wilhelm) II

Question 18

In 1904, France wanted to control Morocco. This resulted when Germany intervened and insisted on an international conference. The other Great Powers began to see Germany as a potential threat.

Answer 18

Moroccan Crisis

Question 19

This conference was held by Bismarck to balance the power in the Balkans following Russia’s success against the Ottoman Empire. It infuriated Russian nationalists who believed Russia was being restrained, leading to Germany joining Austria in a defensive alliance.

Answer 19

1878 Congress of Berlin

Question 20

This war in 1912 pitted the combined forces of Serbia, Greece, and Bulgaria against the Ottoman Empire, pushing the Ottomans out of Europe.

Answer 20

First Balkan War

Question 21

This war was fought in 1913 between Serbia and Bulgaria over the newly won territory in the Balkans.

Answer 21

Second Balkan War

Question 22

He was the heir to the Austrian and Hungarian thrones who was assassinated, along with his wife, Sophie, by Serbian revolutionaries on June 28, 1914. Austria presented Serbia with an ultimatum, triggering WWI.

Answer 22

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Question 23

He implemented the Schlieffen plan on August 2, 1914, when he ordered German troops to be marched through neutral Belgium to attack France. In face of this, Great Britain joined France and declared war on Germany.

Answer 23

General Helmuth von Moltke

Question 24

This battle of the western front, fought on Sept 6, 1914, involved France throwing all its forces at a gap in the German line. It ended in German retreat, saving Paris.

Answer 24

Battle of the Marne 1914

Question 25

This was a battle between the French, British, and Germans that took place in the summer of 1916. The Allied Powers gained only 125 square miles at the cost of 600,000 lives, while the Germans lost 500,000.

Answer 25

Battle of the Somme

Question 26

This book described the physical and emotional strain soldiers of trench warfare faced at the western front of WWI. It was written by Erich Remarque in 1929.

Answer 26

All Quiet on the Western Front

Question 27

This was the holocaust of at least one million Armenians by the Ottoman government starting in 1915 and continuing throughout WWI. Armenian support of Russia, as well as Christian-Muslim tensions culminated in the mass executions and death marches.

Answer 27

Armenian genocide

Question 28

He was the famed British colonel who successfully helped the Arabs revolt against their Turkish rulers in the Middle Eastern theater of WWI. This contributed to British victory over the Ottomans.

Answer 28

Lawrence of Arabia

Question 29

A western front battle in 1916 that ended in German defeat. Both sides lost 700,000 lives.

Answer 29

Battle of Verdun 1916

Question 30

The popularly elected legislative body of Germany. During WWI, it saw a socialist planned economy and the War Raw Materials Board appear, and it passed the Auxiliary Service Law.

Answer 30

Reichstag

Question 31

Passed in 1916, this required all German males between the ages of 17 and 60 to work only at jobs critical to the war effort.

Answer 31

Auxiliary Service Law

Question 32

He was the prime minister of Britain during the second half of WWI and a delegate at the Paris peace conference. Previously, he ran the Ministry of Munitions, established in 1915.

Answer 32

David Lloyd George

Question 33

He was the prime minister of France from 1917-1920 who was able to revitalize a war-weary France. He did this by creating a virtual dictatorship that imprisoned opponents of the war effort. He also sought revenge and security against Germany at the Paris peace conference.

Answer 33

Georges Clemenceau

Question 34

The lower house of Russia’s legislative body. The distrust and dismissal of it by Nicholas II fostered calls for political change, because the people were not being represented.

Answer 34

Duma

Question 35

Russian tsar who ruled from 1894 to 1917. He wished to rule absolutely, and distrusted the Duma. His unresponsiveness to the calls of the Russian people and Duma led to calls for a new, more democratic government responsible to the Duma. He then dismissed the Duma and headed to the front to lead his armies.

Answer 35

Nicholas II

Question 36

The wife of Nicholas II who took over governing Russia when Nicholas left for the front lines. She distrusted parliaments and tried to rule absolutely, only depending on her closest advisor, Rasputin. Rumors of an affair between her and Rasputin led to the fall of the monarchy.

Answer 36

Tsarina Alexandra

Question 37

A self-proclaimed holy man with supposed healing powers. He was Alexandra’s closest advisor. He was murdered by aristocrats in 1916 in efforts to end rumors of an affair. Disgusting public opinion, he contributed to the fall of the monarchy.

Answer 37

Rasputin

Question 38

Prime minister of the Russian provisional government declared in 1917. He chose to postpone reform, instead focusing on continuing the war effort.

Answer 38

Alexander Kerensky

Question 39

Russian revolutionary who established communism in Russia in the Russian Revolution in 1917. He believed communism could be established regardless of history, provided there was strong leadership by an elite party.

Answer 39

Vladimir Lenin

Question 40

The party opposing the Bolsheviks in the Russian Marxian Socialist Party.

Answer 40

Mensheviks

Question 41

Lenin’s right-hand man and a brilliant leader and orator. He executed the Bolshevik seizure of power.

Answer 41

Leon Trotsky

Question 42

Signed in 1918 between Germany and Russia, this document ended WWI for Russia. Russia lost much of its western territories, resulting in a loss of a third of its population.

Answer 42

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Question 43

Proponents of Karl Marx’s teachings. Their primary tenet is that the state owns all property.

Answer 43

Communists