Ch 27-28

Question 1

2 types of main body fluids

Answer 1

intracellular & extracellular

Question 2

what makes up the extracellular fluid

Answer 2

interstitial fluid + blood plasma

Question 3

3 types of blood plasma regulation

Answer 3

1. osmotic regulation
2. ionic regulation
3. volume regulation

Question 4

describe osmotic regulation

Answer 4

maintenance of steady osmotic pressure in blood plasma

Question 5

describe ionic regulation

Answer 5

maintenance of constant concentration of an inorganic ion in blood plasma
* have ion conformity (can match ion conc in plasma to that of enviro)

Question 6

describe volume regulation of blood plasma

Answer 6

regulation of total amount of water in a body fluid

Question 7

mammals and fish are _____ of blood composition and what organ plays an important role

Answer 7

regulator of blood composition

~ kidneys (remove water,salts)

Question 8

describe U/P = 1
U/P < 1
U/P > 1

Answer 8

U/P = 1
isosmotic urine
- water + solutes in urine are same
* no change to plasma osmotic pressure

U/P < 1
hyposmotic urine
- urine has more water & less solutes
*raises osmotic pressure of plasma

U/P > 1
hyperosmotic urine
- urine has less water & more solutes
*lowers plasma osmotic pressure

Question 9

seawater has ____ osmotic pressure, freshwater has ___ osmotic pressure & what about their salinity

Answer 9

seawater - high osmotic pressure
*high salinity (inorganic matter)

freshwater - low osmotic pressure
*low salinity

Question 10

brackish water vs estuary

Answer 10

brackish water - salt and seawater mix (along coastlines)

estuary - partially surrounded by land and has inflow of both fresh and saltwater
*decrease in salinity as move inland

Question 11

how can land animals lose water to the atmosphere … what increases with temperature

Answer 11

evaporation

saturation water vapor pressure

Question 12

humidic vs xeric animals

Answer 12

humidic - restricted to humid, water rich environments
(amphibians)

xeric - living in dry, water poor environments
(mammals, birds)

Question 13

which animals have low resistance to water lose (K)? which have high?

Answer 13

low resistance to water lose / high K
- frogs

high resistance to water lose / low K
- snakes

Question 14

xeric animals are resistant to water due to their ….

Answer 14

thin lipid layers

Question 15

the cooling of exhalant air does what

Answer 15

promotes water conservation/ lose less water

Question 16

small bodied animals have high ____ and _____ water loss

Answer 16

high integumentary/ skin (SA) & respiratory (high metabolism/more breathing) water loss

Question 17

what are NOT able to make hyperosmotic urine

Answer 17

lizards, snakes, turtles