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Sciences Fall '13 > CH. 27 > Flashcards

CH. 27 Flashcards

1
Q

This is any machine that can perform mathematical computations, manipulate information, and make decisions.

A

Computer

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2
Q

A collection of hundreds of algorithms that allow the user to perform a general application such as calculating taxes, word processing, and organizing a data base is known as what?

A

Computer program

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3
Q

This is an algorithm stored apart from the overall instructions in a program acessible by a go to command for a function that will be used repeatedly.

A

Subtroutine

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4
Q

This is a machines ability to make decisions based on logic functions such as do, if then, and if else.

A

Artificial Intelligence

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5
Q

This is part of the computer that interprets and executes instructions is called?

A

Central processing unit (CPUs)

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6
Q

CPUs that are contained on a single integrated circuit chip is called what?

A

microprocessor

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7
Q

The power of a computer in terms of how much data it can process in a given time is measured as what?

A

units of millions of instructions per second or MIPS

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8
Q

The over all power of a computer is determined by what?

A

speed of internal clock of the microprocessor and is measured in Hertz

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9
Q

This has usually one single microprocessor and fits on a desktop.

A

Microcomputer- x-ray machine console

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10
Q

This is many microprocessors from cabinet size to filling up a room.

A

Minicomputer- CT and MRI computers

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11
Q

This is hundreds or thousands of microprocessors, fill large rooms or whole floors of buildings.

A

Mainframe and super computer- government and military organizations

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12
Q

The 1st general purpose modern computer came in what year and was named what?

A

1944 and called Mark I or Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)

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13
Q

The 1st general purpose modern electronic computer came in what year and was called what?

A

1946 called an Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (eniac)

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14
Q

This generation of computers contained vacuum tubes with conducting=filament heated=on.

A

1st generation-1951

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15
Q

This generation of computer used transistors for logic. Conduction=silicon charge=on. They had magnetic cores for memory

A

2nd generation- 1958

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16
Q

This generation of computer used microchips to enhance the miniaturization of integrated circuits. Had Large-Scale Integration (LSI)=thousands of elements and Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)=millions of circuit elements onto a 1 cm chip.

A

4th generation- 1970 and 1990

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17
Q

Chemical and photographic reductions processes are used to fuse millions of circuit elements onto a 1cm silicon wafer called a?

A

Chip

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18
Q

This generation of computers used integrated circuits- miniaturized components chemically fused onto a small silicon chip in microscopic circuits.

A

3rd Generation- 1965

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19
Q

This is the sharing of computer use by multiple simultaneous users.

A

Timesharing

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20
Q

Silicon is a_____, and be doped by other chemicals to make it conduct, resist or block the flow of electricity.

A

Semiconductor

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21
Q

Preprogrammed instructions for specific tasks are called what?

A

algorithms

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22
Q

This was the turning point of computers?

A

Transistors

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23
Q

This is a type of processing system

A

CPU

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24
Q

This is a type of output device

A

Printer, Monitor speakers

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25
Q

This is a type of input device

A

Mouse keyboard, IR Barscan

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26
Q

These are memory and storage devices

A

RAM, USB, CD, Floppy disk, Phones, cameras

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27
Q

Communications is?

A

Networking

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28
Q

Telecommunications is?

A

Networking

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29
Q

What does the term software refer to?

A

Programs such as thing we work in like Microsoft Office

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30
Q

This is the flow of data carried by a multiwire line connecting input to output to memory storage to the CPUs.

A

BUS lines

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31
Q

This directs flow of dats from primary memory and other devices it is programmed to select instructions from primary memory in proper order, interpret and relay them.

A

Contro Unit

32
Q

This performs arithmetic calculations and logic functions.

A

Arithmetic/Logic Unit

33
Q

Primary Memory is in what 4 sectors?

A
  1. Program Storage for specific applications
  2. Working or scratch pad storage for intermediate results
  3. Temporary storage for input devices waiting to be processed
  4. Temporary storace for processed data waiting to be exported.
34
Q

This is 8 bits (binary digits)

A

Bytes

35
Q

This is assigned to each permanent character stored within memory. Each storage unit consists of 8 storage units for bits.

A

Address

36
Q

Most memory is contained on what?

A

RAM and ROM chips mounted on boards and connected directly to the CPU.

37
Q

This stores the information when the computer is turned off.

A

ROM- read only

38
Q

Access memory is erased.

A

RAM- read

39
Q

The hard drive is arranged in what in how many bits?

A

Sectors, 64 bits

40
Q

This has a bascoat is plastic with a plastic layer with a groove cut and laser beams are pits with data

A

Optical disc

41
Q

Volatile is?

A

Erasable- ROM

42
Q

Nonvolatile is?

A

Non erasable- RAM

43
Q

Analog is?

A

Continuous
more accurate
difficult to read

44
Q

Digital is?

A

Limited reading

45
Q

During a radiographic exposure the various intensities of xrays that strike the image receptor can have any value and therefore constitute?

A

Analog Information

46
Q

Rounding these input values out to the nearest allowable discrete unit so the computer can manage then is the function of an?

A

Analog to digital converter

47
Q

Kilo in the decimal system is? Binary system?

A

10^3=1000

2^10=1024

48
Q

Mega is the decimal system is? Binary system?

A

10^6=1,000,000

2^20= 1,048,576

49
Q

Giga in the decimal system is? Binary system?

A

10^9= 1,000,000,000

2^30=1,073,741,824

50
Q

Kilo, Mega and Giga are which types of expressions?

A

Binary

51
Q

This is all instructions given to the computer hardware written in computer languages.

A

Computer Software

52
Q

This consists of 16 characters (0-9 and A-F) and each character represents 4 binary numbers.

A

Hexadecimal Code

53
Q

In a hexadecimal code 2 characters = what?

A

1 byte

54
Q

This determines the general format of operation presenting an appropriate interactive interface or desktop in connection with the appropriate input devices for broad use.

A

The Operating system

55
Q

The operating system us usually stored in what?

A

ROM

56
Q

What are examples of computer Operating Systems?

A

Windows, Unix, MAC-OS

57
Q

These are designed to make the entire computer system more user friendly?

A

Systems Software

58
Q

These are programs written in user friendly languages to carry out specific user tasks.

A

Applications Software

59
Q

What are examples of Systems Software?

A

assemblers, compliers, interpreters, and operating systems.

60
Q

What are examples of applications software?

A

Word processing, communications, spreadsheets, graphics, database management

61
Q

What are the 4 types of processing methods?

A
  1. ONline
  2. Batch
  3. Real-time
  4. Time-sharing
62
Q

This is data processed immediately upon entering a command requires user to be present.

A

Online

63
Q

This is large amounts of data subjected to only a few operations user may be absent once started.

A

Batch

64
Q

This is an array of processors working in parallel to perform complex computations on large amounts of data.

A

Real time- Used in radiographic image display system

65
Q

This is a large central computer serving several terminals.

A

Time-sharing, PACS

66
Q

This is the rate of transmission.

A

Baud Rate

67
Q

Direct memory acess

A

Instantaneous

68
Q

LAN Local area netowrk

A

Server within a building, home internet

69
Q

Wide area Netowrk WAN

A

.

70
Q

RIS

A

Radiology Information System- houses data within radiology department, charges, schedules etc.

71
Q

HIS

A

Hospital Information System-Houses pt data

72
Q

This is the heart of a computer.

A

Microprocessor

73
Q

This is computer components that consist of all the physical components including input devices, the processing system, memory and storage devices, output devices and systems for communication.

A

Hardware of the computer

74
Q

This is the connection of bus lines to each device.

A

Ports

75
Q

Input/Output devices are also called what?

A

Peripherals

Sciences Fall '13 (7 decks)

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