Ch 26 Phylogeny and the tree of life Flashcards
__________- is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
Phylogeny
The discipline of ____________ classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships
Systematics
____________ is the ordered division and naming of organisms
Taxonomy
In the ______ century, ___________published a system of taxonomy based on resemblances
18th
Carlous linnaeus
What Two key features of Carlous Linnaeus’ system remain useful today?:
two-part names for species and hierarchical classification
What are the taxonomic groups from broad to narrow?
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
A taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy is called a________
Taxon
What are the names of the 3 domains?
- Eukarya
- Archaea
- Bacteria
Systematists depict evolutionary relationships in branching _______________
Phylogenetic trees
Systematists have proposed the __________, which recognizes only groups that include a common ancestor and all its descendents
Phylocode
A___________________represents a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships
Each _______________represents the divergence of two species
_____________are groups that share an immediate common ancestor
Phylogenetic tree
branch point
Sister Taxa
To infer phylogenies, systematists gather information about ______, genes, and _________ of living organisms
morphology
biochemistry
Phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry are called _________
Homologies
Analogy is similarity due to _____________
Convergent evolution
When does convergent evolution occur?
when similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce similar (analogous) adaptations in organisms from different evolutionary lineages
Analogous structures or molecular sequences that evolved independently are also called ___________
Homoplasies
How can homology be distinguished from analogy?
Homology can be distinguished from analogy by comparing fossil evidence and the degree of complexity
________________uses DNA and other molecular data to determine evolutionary relationships
Molecular systematics