CH 26 Anus, Rectum, Prostate Flashcards
Which statement concerning the anal canal is true? The anal canal:
Is approximately 2 cm long in the adult.
Slants backward toward the sacrum.
Contains hair and sebaceous glands.
Is the outlet for the gastrointestinal tract.
Is the outlet for the gastrointestinal tract.
- Which statement concerning the sphincters is correct?
The internal sphincter is under voluntary control.
The external sphincter is under voluntary control.
Both sphincters remain slightly relaxed at all times.
The internal sphincter surrounds the external sphincter
The external sphincter is under voluntary control.
The nurse is performing an examination of the anus and rectum. Which of these statements is correct and important to remember during this examination?
a. The rectum is approximately 8 cm long.
b. The anorectal junction cannot be palpated.
c. Above the anal canal, the rectum turns anteriorly.
d. No sensory nerves are in the anal canal or rectum.
b. The anorectal junction cannot be palpated.
The structure that secretes a thin, milky alkaline fluid to enhance the viability of sperm is the:
Cowper gland.
Prostate gland.
Median sulcus.
Bulbourethral gland.
Prostate gland.
A 46-year-old man requires an assessment of his sigmoid colon. Which instrument or technique is most appropriate for this examination?
a. Proctoscope
b. Ultrasound
c. Colonoscope
d. Rectal examination with an examining finger
c. Colonoscope
The nurse is caring for a newborn infant. Thirty hours after birth, the infant passes a dark green meconium stool. The nurse recognizes this is important because the:
a. Stool indicates anal patency.
b. Dark green color indicates occult blood in the stool.
c. Meconium stool can be reflective of distress in the newborn.
d. Newborn should have passed the first stool within 12 hours after birth.
a. Stool indicates anal patency.
. During the assessment of an 18-month-old infant, the mother expresses concern to the nurse about the infants inability to toilet train. What would be the nurses best response?
a. Some children are just more difficult to train, so I wouldnt worry about it yet.
b. Have you considered reading any of the books on toilet training? They can be very helpful.
c. This could mean that there is a problem in your babys development. Well watch her closely for the next few months.
d. The nerves that will allow your baby to have control over the passing of stools are not developed until at least 18 to 24 months of age.
d. The nerves that will allow your baby to have control over the passing of stools are not developed until at least 18 to 24 months of age.
A 60-year-old man has just been told that he has benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). He has a friend who just died from cancer of the prostate. He is concerned this will happen to him. How should the nurse respond?
a. The swelling in your prostate is only temporary and will go away.
b. We will treat you with chemotherapy so we can control the cancer.
c. It would be very unusual for a man your age to have cancer of the prostate.
d. The enlargement of your prostate is caused by hormonal changes, and not cancer.
d. The enlargement of your prostate is caused by hormonal changes, and not cancer.
A 30-year-old woman is visiting the clinic because of pain in my bottom when I have a bowel movement. The nurse should assess for which problem?
a. Pinworms
b. Hemorrhoids
c. Colon cancer
d. Fecal incontinence
b. Hemorrhoids
A patient who is visiting the clinic complains of having stomach pains for 2 weeks and describes his stools as being soft and black for approximately the last 10 days. He denies taking any medications. The nurse is aware that these symptoms are mostly indicative of:
a. Excessive fat caused by malabsorption.
b. Increased iron intake, resulting from a change in diet.
c. Occult blood, resulting from gastrointestinal bleeding.
d. Absent bile pigment from liver problems.
c. Occult blood, resulting from gastrointestinal bleeding.
After completing an assessment of a 60-year-old man with a family history of colon cancer, the nurse discusses with him early detection measures for colon cancer. The nurse should mention the need for a(n):
a. Annual proctoscopy.
b. Colonoscopy every 10 years.
c. Fecal test for blood every 6 months.
d. DREs every 2 years.
b. Colonoscopy every 10 years.
The mother of a 5-year-old girl tells the nurse that she has noticed her daughter scratching at her bottom a lot the last few days. During the assessment, the nurse finds redness and raised skin in the anal area. This finding most likely indicates:
a. Pinworms.
b. Chickenpox.
c. Constipation.
d. Bacterial infection.
a. Pinworms.
The nurse is examining only the rectal area of a woman and should place the woman in what position?
a. Lithotomy
b. Prone
c. Left lateral decubitus
d. Bending over the table while standing
c. Left lateral decubitus
While performing an assessment of the perianal area of a patient, the nurse notices that the pigmentation of anus is darker than the surrounding skin, the anal opening is closed, and a skin sac that is shiny and blue is noted. The patient mentioned that he has had pain with bowel movements and has occasionally noted some spots of blood. What would this assessment and history most likely indicate?
a. Anal fistula
b. Pilonidal cyst
c. Rectal prolapse
d. Thrombosed hemorrhoid
d. Thrombosed hemorrhoi
The nurse is preparing to palpate the rectum and should use which of these techniques? The nurse should:
a. Flex the finger, and slowly insert it toward the umbilicus.
b. First instruct the patient that this procedure will be painful.
c. Insert an extended index finger at a right angle to the anus.
d. Place the finger directly into the anus to overcome the tight sphincter.
a. Flex the finger, and slowly insert it toward the umbilicus.
