Ch. 26

Question 1

What are the three domains?

Answer 1

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

• Divide by binary fission
• Have circular chromosomes
• Lack membrane-bound organelles

Question 3

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

• Divide by mitosis/meiosis
• Linear chromosomes
• Membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

Transformation

Answer 4

Picking up DNA from the environment

Question 5

Conjugation

Answer 5

Getting DNA from another bacterium

Question 6

Transduction

Answer 6

Getting DNA injected by a virus

Question 7

Obligate aerobes

Answer 7

Use oxygen in respiration & cannot survive without it

Question 8

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 8

Oxygen is lethal. They use nitrate, nitrogen, sulfate, etc as terminal electron acceptors- anaerobic respiration

Question 9

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 9

Alternate b/w aerobic & anaerobic metabolism depending on presence of oxygen

Question 10

Photoautotroph

Answer 10

Carry out photosynthesis; light is energy source, CO2 is carbon source

Question 11

Photoheterotroph

Answer 11

Use light as energy source, but organic molecules made by other organisms as a carbon source

Question 12

Chemoautotrophs (chemolithotrophs)

Answer 12

Oxidize inorganic compounds for energy & use CO2 as a carbon source

Question 13

Chemoheterotrophs

Answer 13

Oxidize organic compounds for energy & use some organic compounds as a source of carbon
**All animals are this & so are most bacteria & archaea

Question 14

Nitrogen fixers

Answer 14

Convert atmospheric N2 gas into ammonia which is useable by other organisms

Question 15

Nitrifiers

Answer 15

Oxidize NH3 to nitrite or nitrate

Question 16

Denitrifiers

Answer 16

Use nitrite or nitrate as terminal electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration, producing N2 gas

Question 17

Bacteria contains ______ in their cell walls

Answer 17

Peptidoglycan

Question 18

Archaea contains ______ in their cell walls

Answer 18

Pseudopeptidoglycan

Question 19

Prokaryotic flagella

Answer 19

Made from protein called flagellin

Question 20

Axial filaments

Answer 20

Used by spirochetes to move in a cork-like manner

Question 21

Bacteria clades

Answer 21

Spirochetes
Chlamydias
High gram positive
Low gram positive
Cyanobacteria
Proteobacteria

Question 22

Archaea clades

Answer 22

Crenarchaeota

Euryarchaeota