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MSK2 MT > CH 25: SKIN > Flashcards

CH 25: SKIN Flashcards

1
Q

What benign lesions can pop up during pregnancy, implying hormonal involvement in their pathogenesis?

A 
Malanocytic nevi
Fibroepithelial polyp (skin tags)
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2
Q

Are lentigos sunlight-responsive?

A

No

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3
Q

Are freckles sun-light responsive?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What biochemical pathway is intact in Melanocytic Nevi (moles)?

A

CDKN2A (makes p16/INK4a)

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5
Q

What is melanoma correlated with?

A

Exposure to UV radiation in sunlight, which causes one to acquire mutations

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6
Q

What’s mutated in melanomas not associated w/ sun-exposed areas?

A

KIT (R tyrosine kinase)

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7
Q

What are the ABCDE warning signs of melanoma?

A 
A = asymmetry
B = borders (irregular)
C = color (varieties)
D = diameter (increses)
E = evolution (rapid change)
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8
Q

What differentiates Suborrheic Keratoses from melanomas?

A

Pore-like ostia impacted w/ keratin

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9
Q

What’s Lese-Trelat sign?

A

Sudden appearance of many seborrheic keratoses (“coin-like” lesions) d/t stimulation of keratinocytes by TGF-a produced by tumor cells (carcinomas of the GI)

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10
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

Squamous epithelial cells

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11
Q

Common etiology for acanthosis nigricans (80%)? Remaining?

A

Childhood/puberty: obesity, diabetes, endocrine tumors (pituitary or pineal)

Middle-aged/older: associated w/ cancers of the GI (adenocarcinomas, a paraneoplastic phenomenon)

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12
Q

What are dermatosis papulosa nigra?

A

Seborrheic Keratoses in people of color

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13
Q

What are the different types of melanocytic nevi?

A

Junctional
Compound
Dermal
Dermal w/ neurotization

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14
Q

What are familial trichoepithelioma and Brooke-Spiegler syndrome associated w/?

A

Germline mutations in CYLD causing multiple adenexal tumors

Familial trichoepithelioma = follicular tumor
B-S syndrome = cylindroma

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15
Q

What is the cylindroma mutation? What’s it do?

A

CYLD

Encodes an enzyme that regulates NF-kB

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16
Q

What does eccrine refer to?

A

Sweat glands on the skin

17
Q

What does actinic mean? What’s this associated w/? What’s the prominent feature?

A

Light being able to cause photochemical reactions

SCC precursor lesion Actinic Keratosis

Cutaneous horn of keratin

18
Q

What’s the most common to least common list of prominent skin CAs?

A

Basal-cell carcinoma > SCC > melanoma (common, most deadly skin CA)

19
Q

Melanoma and SCC are associated w/ sun exposure how?

A

Melanoma = childhood UV exposure

SCC = lifetime sun exposure

20
Q

What HPV viruses are associated w/ immunodeficient-caused SCC?

A

5 and 8

21
Q

What mutations are associated w/ SCC?

A

TP53

Inc RAS signaling

Dec Notch signaling

22
Q

What is xeroderma pigmentosum and what’s it associated w/?

A

Autosomal recessive dx in which the pt has extreme sensitivity of UV light and must avoid the sun, “moon child”, causes dry skin

SCC and BCC

23
Q

Does SCC come as an in situ lesion?

A

Yes, where it doesn’t break past the dermoepidermal junction

24
Q

What mutation is associated w/ BCC?

A

Mutations that activate the Hedgehog pathway

  • LOF for PTCH
  • activating mutations in SMO
25
Q

What is the most common invasive CA in humans?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma of the skin

26
Q

How do BCCs present morphologically?

A

Pearly papules w/ telangiectasias

27
Q

What happens if you neglect a BCC?

A

On rare occasions, can extensively invade locally to bone or facial sinuses

28
Q

Basal (sounds like basement) cell carcinomas are associated w/ what archaic designation?

A

Rodent ulcers, referring to the local invasion of the CAs over time if neglected

29
Q

Are metastasis common in BCC?

A

No

30
Q

Young-middle aged woman finds a skin lesion on her leg, what is it?

A

Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (Dermatofibroma is the most common form)

31
Q

What are Benign Fibrous Histiocytomas (Dermatofibromas) at least partially composed of?

A

Factor XIIIa-positive dermal dendritic cells

32
Q

What’s the mutation associated w/ Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans?

A

Translocation involving: COL1A1 and PDGFB

  • COL1A1: encodes collagen 1A1
  • PDGFB: encodes platelet-derived growth factor-B
33
Q

What’s CTCL?

A

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

The specific one we’re referring to is Mycosis Ungoides

34
Q

What’s Sezary syndrome?

A

Seeding of the blood by malignant T cells accompanied by diffuse erythema and scaling of the entire body surface (erythroderma)

Occurs in Mycosis Fungoides, a CTCL

35
Q

What morph eatures are associated w/ Mycosis Fungoides?

A

Sezary-Lutzner cells (which form bandlike aggregates within superficial dermis
- can invade epidermis as single cells or groups (Pautrier microabscesses)

36
Q

What is the Mastocytosis we’re studying and what population does it affect?

A

Urticaria pigmentosa

Children

37
Q

What’s the Darier sign and what’s it associated w/?

A

Localized are of dermal edema and erythema (wheal) occurring when lesional skin is rubbed
- urticaria pigmentosa, a Mastocytosis

38
Q

What’s ichthy Greek for?

A

Fishy

MSK2 MT (6 decks)

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