CH 24 - Trauma Overview

Question 1

Cavitation

Answer 1

Pressure waves that can damage nearby structures

Question 2

Multisystem trauma

Answer 2

Significant MOI that causes injuries to more than one body system

Question 3

Kinetic energy

Answer 3

Energy of a moving object

Question 4

Mechanism of Injury (MOI)

Answer 4

How the trauma occured

Question 5

Potential energy

Answer 5

Product of mass, gravity and height

Question 6

Blunt trauma

Answer 6

Result of force to the body that causes injury but does not penetrate soft tissue or internal organs and cavities

Question 7

Penetrating trauma

Answer 7

Injury caused by objects that pierce the surface of the body

Question 8

Work

Answer 8

Force acting over a distance

Question 9

Index of suspicion

Answer 9

Awareness of and concern for potentially serious obvious and underlying injuries

Question 10

Energy can be…

Answer 10

Converted

Question 11

The amount of KINETIC energy that is converted to do work on the body dictates the ______ of the injury

Answer 11

______ energy that is converted to do work on the body dictates the SEVERITY of the injury.

Question 12

Types of motorcycle impacts

Answer 12

Head-on collision
Angular collision
Controlled collision

Question 13

Types of collisions in frontal impact

Answer 13

Car striking object
Passenger striking vehicle
Internal organs strike solid structures of the body

Question 14

Appropriate use of air medical services

Answer 14

Distance to trauma center >25 miles
Traffic/road conditions decrease efficiency/timeliness
Mass-casualty incident

Question 15

Type of velocity a handgun can penetrate

Answer 15

Medium-velocity penetrating injuries may be caused by what type of weapon

Question 16

Compression injury due to motor vehicle collision example

Answer 16

Passenger’s head hits windshield, brain continues to move forward until it strikes the inside of the skull, resulting in what type of injury?

Question 17

The most common cause of death from a blast injury

Answer 17

Head trauma is the most common cause of what type of injury?

Question 18

Airbags decrease injury to which body parts?

Answer 18

The chest, face, and head can be protected in a vehicle collision by what item?

Question 19

What type of impacts are commonly referred to as T-bone crashes?

Answer 19

Lateral impacts are commonly referred to as what types of crashes?

Question 20

What is the most common life-threatening event in a rollover

Answer 20

Ejection or partial ejection of the passenger from the vehicle in a rollover is what kind of event?

Question 21

Types of impact associated with a motorcycle crash

Answer 21

Head-on
Controlled
Ejection

Question 22

Pulmonary blast injury symptoms

Answer 22

Chest tightness
Coughing up blood
Subcutaneous emphysema
(following an explosion)

Question 23

Open neck wound symptoms

Answer 23

Significant bleeding
Air embolism
Subcutaneous crepitation

Question 24

• Mass (weight) doubles = _______

- Velocity (speed) doubles = ________

Answer 24

• _______ = Energy that causes injury doubles

- _______ = Energy that causes injury quadruples

Question 25

Whiplash-type injuries are caused by what type of impacts?

Answer 25

Rear-end impacts cause what type of injuries?

Question 26

A compression injury to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching of the posterior portion

Answer 26

Coup-contrecoup

Question 27

Pneumothorax

Answer 27

Air collecting between the lung tissue and chest wall

Question 28

Formula for calculating kinetic energy

Answer 28

KE = 1/2mv^2
…
Kinetic Energy = half of mass by velocity squared

Question 29

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) uses what to rate a patient’s LOC?

Answer 29

Assessment of…
Eye-opening
Verbal response
Motor response

Question 30

Platinum 10

Answer 30

Limited on-scene time for patients with multisystem trauma

Question 31

Newton’s First Law

Answer 31

Inertia and mass…
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Question 32

Medical emergency

Answer 32

Illness or condition not caused by an outside force

Question 33

Newton’s Second Law

Answer 33

Acceleration…
The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Question 34

Newton’s Third Law

Answer 34

Action and reaction…

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Question 35

Trajectory

Answer 35

Path a projectile takes once it is propelled

Question 36

Blunt trauma

Answer 36

Impact on the body without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities

Question 37

Drag

Answer 37

Resistance that slows a projectile

Question 38

Tympanic membrane

Answer 38

Eardrum

Question 39

Revised Trauma Score (RTS)

Answer 39

Scoring system used for patients with head trauma

Question 40

Trauma score

Answer 40

Score that incorporates GCS score, respiratory rate, respiratory expansion, systolic BP and capillary refill.

Question 41

Potential energy

Answer 41

Product of mass (weight), force of gravity, and height, mostly associated with the energy for the falling object

Question 42

Factors to consider when evaluating a fall

Answer 42

Height of fall
Surface struck
Party of body hit first, followed by path of energy displacement

Question 43

Information gathered when determining the MOI of a motorcycle crash

Answer 43

Motorcycle deformity
Side of most damage
Distance of road skid
Deformity of stationary objects/other vehicles
Extent and location of deformity in helmet

Question 44

Level I Trauma center

Answer 44

Comprehensive regional resource that is a tertiary care facility; capable of providing total care for every aspect of injury from prevention to rehabilitation.