CH 24 - Trauma Overview Flashcards
Cavitation
Pressure waves that can damage nearby structures
Multisystem trauma
Significant MOI that causes injuries to more than one body system
Kinetic energy
Energy of a moving object
Mechanism of Injury (MOI)
How the trauma occured
Potential energy
Product of mass, gravity and height
Blunt trauma
Result of force to the body that causes injury but does not penetrate soft tissue or internal organs and cavities
Penetrating trauma
Injury caused by objects that pierce the surface of the body
Work
Force acting over a distance
Index of suspicion
Awareness of and concern for potentially serious obvious and underlying injuries
Energy can be…
Converted
The amount of KINETIC energy that is converted to do work on the body dictates the ______ of the injury
______ energy that is converted to do work on the body dictates the SEVERITY of the injury.
Types of motorcycle impacts
Head-on collision
Angular collision
Controlled collision
Types of collisions in frontal impact
Car striking object
Passenger striking vehicle
Internal organs strike solid structures of the body
Appropriate use of air medical services
Distance to trauma center >25 miles
Traffic/road conditions decrease efficiency/timeliness
Mass-casualty incident
Type of velocity a handgun can penetrate
Medium-velocity penetrating injuries may be caused by what type of weapon
Compression injury due to motor vehicle collision example
Passenger’s head hits windshield, brain continues to move forward until it strikes the inside of the skull, resulting in what type of injury?
The most common cause of death from a blast injury
Head trauma is the most common cause of what type of injury?
Airbags decrease injury to which body parts?
The chest, face, and head can be protected in a vehicle collision by what item?
What type of impacts are commonly referred to as T-bone crashes?
Lateral impacts are commonly referred to as what types of crashes?
What is the most common life-threatening event in a rollover
Ejection or partial ejection of the passenger from the vehicle in a rollover is what kind of event?
Types of impact associated with a motorcycle crash
Head-on
Controlled
Ejection
Pulmonary blast injury symptoms
Chest tightness
Coughing up blood
Subcutaneous emphysema
(following an explosion)
Open neck wound symptoms
Significant bleeding
Air embolism
Subcutaneous crepitation
- Mass (weight) doubles = _______
- Velocity (speed) doubles = ________
- _______ = Energy that causes injury doubles
- _______ = Energy that causes injury quadruples
Whiplash-type injuries are caused by what type of impacts?
Rear-end impacts cause what type of injuries?
A compression injury to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching of the posterior portion
Coup-contrecoup
Pneumothorax
Air collecting between the lung tissue and chest wall
Formula for calculating kinetic energy
KE = 1/2mv^2
…
Kinetic Energy = half of mass by velocity squared
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) uses what to rate a patient’s LOC?
Assessment of…
Eye-opening
Verbal response
Motor response
Platinum 10
Limited on-scene time for patients with multisystem trauma
Newton’s First Law
Inertia and mass…
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Medical emergency
Illness or condition not caused by an outside force
Newton’s Second Law
Acceleration…
The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
Newton’s Third Law
Action and reaction…
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Trajectory
Path a projectile takes once it is propelled
Blunt trauma
Impact on the body without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities
Drag
Resistance that slows a projectile
Tympanic membrane
Eardrum
Revised Trauma Score (RTS)
Scoring system used for patients with head trauma
Trauma score
Score that incorporates GCS score, respiratory rate, respiratory expansion, systolic BP and capillary refill.
Potential energy
Product of mass (weight), force of gravity, and height, mostly associated with the energy for the falling object
Factors to consider when evaluating a fall
Height of fall
Surface struck
Party of body hit first, followed by path of energy displacement
Information gathered when determining the MOI of a motorcycle crash
Motorcycle deformity
Side of most damage
Distance of road skid
Deformity of stationary objects/other vehicles
Extent and location of deformity in helmet
Level I Trauma center
Comprehensive regional resource that is a tertiary care facility; capable of providing total care for every aspect of injury from prevention to rehabilitation.
