Ch 24 African Prophets

Question 1

Portuguese crosses planted on southernmost point

Answer 1

“padraos” or the pillars

• date
• name of explore
• king name in Latin and Portuguese

Question 2

Padrao set up in eastern Cape of southern Africa in 1948 by

Answer 2

Portuguese navigator Bartholomew Dias
- catholic mass with padrao set up now used as ceremony of possession for significance religiously, politically and economonically

Question 3

Africans thought the padrao was

Answer 3

an object of worship

• padrao dedicated to st. george at Congo River was worshipped by africans; thought to be spiritual relations between sea and land
• Portuguese saw them as fetishes
• continued till 1859, threw padrao in the water (where problems started with conquest and colonization)

Question 4

why were africans seen with fetishes

Answer 4

because they were claimed not to have any indigenous religions and undervalued trade goods

Question 5

queen elizabeth in 1562 claimed that

Answer 5

portugal didnt own the land, but cross resembles spiritual realm

Question 6

inculturation in africa

Answer 6

1. BaKongo ritual specialists translates bible, cross in African idioms to make CH an indigenous African religious
2. rejected christianity 19th c but recognize religious practice - sunday services wth christian rituals and techniques for safety, purity an protection instead of for sin and salvation

Question 7

transatlantic evangelical revivals, protestant missionary agencies, and practice

Answer 7

• convert individuals who were already normally christian
• agencies: LMS (1795), CMS (1799), Wesleyan Methodist MS (1810) in the 19th century
• practice: activate secretary of MS and Anglican pastor Henry Ban operations of Christian doctrines

Question 8

why did missionaries fail

Answer 8

1. CH was considered and questioned relationship between sea and land by africans but REJECTED by CH= europeans stay at sea r else trouble, black stay in land
2. involved with material concerns NA but rejected clothing and sacred symbols (Bible and plow)= not only brought religion but also labour, sexual relations, gender etc.
3. christianity translated to african idioms immediately
4. african prophets redefined christianitiy without white missionary control in 20th c

Question 9

william wade harris (1865-1928)

Answer 9

• led mass movement of christian conversion in protestant and catholic churches and independent churches, west africa
• 1821, exposed to christianity childhood, educated as methodist
• got into trouble with authorities ab anti-colonial gospel
• vision from st gabriel in prison 1909, released and did campaign with white robe in 1913 at french ivory coast; encouraged to keep preaching anti-colonialism
• gained new members, baptism, new denomination of harrist christians in 1924

Question 10

harris challenged what

Answer 10

1. african traditional religion - burn fetishes
2. foreign christian missionaries - denied authorities to define christian belied in african context = new baptism bc traditional ones did not save them from colonial ad military conquest, oppression, exploitation
   - Yoruba prophets followed footsteps (419). nigeria

Question 11

similar prophecy callings as harris

Answer 11

• Simon Kimbangu Baptist, Jesus appeared (419). central africa
• john maranke (419), methodist, New Revelation to Apostles, south africa
• isaiah shembe, christian faith healing ministry NOT western medicine

Question 12

struggle of african prophets

Answer 12

find authentic christianity, not with western influence or traditional african rituals

Question 13

charles taze russell (1852-1916)

Answer 13

watchtower bible and tract society founder, aka Jehovah’s Witness, colonial competition in africa

• dedicated to prep for coming of christ, new christian church
• christian holidays not celebrated, home prayers, Bible only form of worship
• false prophecy of end of the world in 1914 led to schisms but rutherford held group in tact with 1914 unfolding events for the end of the world = strong political and military involvement to protect self from the world (Satan)
• speaking of tongues chongo in zambia versus none in US

Question 14

kamwana

Answer 14

baptized those willing to receive message of christ
- different from Chilembwe and Booth in Malawi teaching, told africans to assess moral character and wait 4 years to get baptized, leave unacceptable african practices (422)

Question 15

Watchtower belief on slavery

Answer 15

not coercion on serving white people but a declaration of war on Africans by a Satanic regime

Question 16

Kamwana’s beliefs on why WT is a problematic belief for Africans in Malawi

Answer 16

• promised freedom from oppression to WT
• appealed passive resistance to governments, africans didnt have to do anything to be baptized
• chilembwe revolted, WT prophecy about violent suppression of spiritual power confirmed
• zambia - hanoc sidano liberation framed in religious ways

Question 17

parham seymour

Answer 17

african-american preacher 1870-1922
holy spirit baptisn, new pentecostal churches emerged, speaking in tongues/glossolalia, power of the hoy spirit, new kind of spirit possession in new world,not related to negative possession like witchcraft 425

Question 18

ind african study of evil

Answer 18

any illness suffering or misfortune cause traced to ancestral spirit

• witch
• under the leadership of tomo nyirenda, WT waged war from spirits of evil (426) and in support, said withces were those without WT baptism
• before arrest, created mass movement, expose withches

Question 19

joseph booth

Answer 19

influenced WT to malawi people against mission church and colonial rule