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Microbiological control & Virology > Ch 24 > Flashcards

Ch 24 Flashcards

1
Q

Main Biological Features of VARIOLA VIRUS (poxviruses)

  • viral morphology
  • enveloped
  • DNA
A
  • lack nucleocaspid
  • dsDNA
  • enveloped
  • specificity for the cytoplasm of epidermal cells and subcutaneous connective tissues
  • large, complex animal viruses
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2
Q

Diseases of VARIOLA VIRUS
>variola major(virulent)
>variola minor

(acute infection)
-Lytic cycle only

-symptoms

A

Smallpox (skin/skeletal)
-specificity for the cytoplasm of epidermal cells and subcutaneous connective tissues

> Variola major
-causes toxemia, shock, and intravascular coagulation
Variola minor

symptoms:
-malaise, fever, prostration,rash in pharynx
Viremia (Cardiovasc/Lymphatic/Systemic)

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3
Q

Transmission of VARIOLA VIRUS

-Method

A

method:

droplets

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4
Q

Prevention/Treatment of VARIOLA VIRUS

A

Vaccine

  • controlled via variolation process
    note: no longer bioterrorism risk
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5
Q

Main Biological Features of HERPESVIRUSES (all)

  • viral morphology
  • enveloped
  • DNA
A
  • iscaherdral caspid
  • enveloped
  • dsDNA

all are episomal(don’t enter host genome)
all are lysogenic without integration -not oncogenic(exception:epstein barr, HHV 8)

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6
Q 
Diseases of HSV1
     -Herpes Labialis
     -Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
     -Herpetic keratitis
     -Herpetic whitlow
SKIN

(rare)—-Herpetic encephalitis
NERVOUS/MUSC

Mechanism of Simplex 1
(Lytic cycle & Lysogeny)
-episomal
-occurs in trigeminal ganglion

PERSISTENT infections-not immediately lysed. can reactivate

A

(Herpes Labialis)
-fever blister/ cold sores

(Herpetic Gingivostomatitis)

  • inflamation of entire oral mucosa (tongue, cheek, lip)
  • complications may involve pharyngitis

(Herpetic keratitis)

  • inflamation of the eye
  • latent virus travels into opthalmic rather than mandibular branch of trigeminal ganglion

(Herpetic whitlow)
-deepset infection. in broken skin/ussually finger
inflamation causes blood to not flow into finger» gangrene gas develops like w/clostridium perfringens

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7
Q

Transmission of Simplex 1

  • Method
  • audience
A

Method:

  • Direct, close contact
  • exposure to secretions
     >Keratitis
      -introduced to eye via contact or finger
 >H. whitlow
      -enters through break in skin.
(audience)
      -healthcare workers
      -direct contact to virus
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8
Q

Diseases of HSV2
-genital herpes
UROGENITAL

Mechanism of Simplex 2
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
-Sacral ganglia

Transmission of Simplex 2

A

(Genital herpes)
symptoms:
-malaise, anorexia, fever, swelling, tenderness of groin, clusters on genetalia

Transmission
-sexual or intimate contact

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9
Q

Prevention/treatment of HS1

Prevention/treatment of HS2

Treatments:

  • DNA inhibitor before blisters develop
    - DNA polymerase & kinase prevents lyric cycles
A

(Herpes Simplex 1)
-antibiotics
ex)
-acyclovir

(Herpes Simplex 2)

  • condoms (prevention)
  • Topical medication/ointments
  • Systemic therapies
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10
Q 
Diseases of VARICELLA-ZOSTER
(Varicella)
   -Chicken pox
(Zoster)
   -Shingles
PERSISTENT infections-not immediately lysed. can reactivate

Mechanism of varicella-zoster
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
-ganglia
activated by stress

lytic cycle+host response makes lungs swell
-worse in adults bc in childhood not fully developed

A 
(Varicella)
  >Chicken pox
symptoms:
fever, rash
SKIN
(Zoster)
  >Shingles
symptoms:
painful rash, infects ganglia of neurons
NERVOUS

PERSISTENT infections-not immediately lysed. can reactivate

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11
Q

Transmission of VARICELLA-ZOSTER

  • Method
  • audience
A

Method:

  • Respiratory droplets
  • direct contact

Audience:
(varicella/chickenpox)
-children
(zoster/shingles)
-adults develop after REACTIVATION
reactivation may occur after x-rays or drug treatments

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12
Q

Prevention of VARICELLA-ZOSTER

Vaccine

A

Vaccine for both

in some cases acyclovir

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13
Q 
Diseases of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
-Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis
(similar to epstein barr, but no sore throat)
-Retinitis
-congenital abnormalities, leading cause
SKIN/SKELETAL

Mechanism of cytomegalovirus
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
–in blood cells(WBC)
-lining of vascular tissues

A

(Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis)

  • syndrome characterized by fever, lymphocytosis
  • opportunistic, systemic disease
  • produce giant cells w/ nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions

> in newborns
large spleen and liver, jaundice
can cause death
-purple lesions present due to hemorrhage

(Retinitis)

  • reactivation of the virus
  • causes blindness
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14
Q

Transmission of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

  • Method
  • audience
A

Method:

  • saliva, respiratoy music, milk, urine, semes, and cervical secretions . (childhood)
  • sexual exposure (adulthood)

audicence:
immunocompromised

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15
Q

Prevention/treatment of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

A

drug therapy

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16
Q

Diseases of EPSTEIN BARR

  • infectious mononucleosis
  • Burkkitt lymphoma
  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Mechanism of cytomegalovirus
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
-human lymphoid tissue and salivary glands

ONCOGENIC

A

(Infectious mononucleosis)
symptoms:
sore throat, feverm cervical lymphadenopathy
LYMPHATIC

(Burkkitt lymphoma)
-B-cell malignancy

(Nasopharyngeal carcinoma)
-malignancy of epithelial cells

17
Q

Transmission of EPSTEIN BARR

  • Method
  • audience
A

Method:

  • direct oral contact
  • contamination with saliva

(audience)
-blood/organ transplant patients

18
Q

Prevention/treatment of EPSTEIN BARR

A
  • sanitation
  • acyclovir

> Burkitt lymphoma
-anticancer drugs and surgery

19
Q

Diseases of HHV6, HHV7
-Roseola infantum
(SELF-LIMITTING)

(HHV 6)
-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, oral carcinoma, T-cell leukemia
Mechanism of cytomegalovirus

(Lytic & Lysogenic)
cell nucleus

ONCOGENIC

A 
(Roseola infantum)
-an acute febrile disease in babies
Symptoms:
fever, rash
SKIN

No treatment–
is self-limmiting

20
Q

Transmission of HHV6, HHV7

  • Method
  • audience
A

Method:

Close contact with saliva and other secretions

21
Q

Diseases of HHV8
-Kaposi sarcoma

Mechanism of cytomegalovirus
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
endothelial cells and B cells
-in vascular tissue

ONCOGENIC (blood)

A

(Kaposi sarcoma)

  • associated with common tumor of AIDS patients
  • involved in myeloma(cancer of blood)

Transmitted sexually

22
Q

Main Biological Features of Hepatitis B

  • viral morphology
  • enveloped
  • DNA (BOTH ds &ss)
A
  • enveloped
  • dsDNA & ssDNA
  • never been grown in tissue culture
  • caspid

recycles hemoglobin into bilirrubin
-accumulation of bulirubin in blood and tissues

23
Q

Diseases of Hepatitis B
-Liver infection

(Chronic disease)

  • necrosis
  • cirrhosis
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
A

symptoms:
malaise, fever, chills, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea

-hepatocellular carcinoma increases cancer risk

24
Q

Mechanism of Hepatitis B
(Lytic & Lysogenic)

Lytic cycle+host resonse may evolve into serrosis and increase cancer risk

  • lytic cycle kills host cells
  • host response impairs liver functions to metabolize lipids and recycle hemoglobin

ONCOGENIC (hepatic cancer)
-hepatocellular carcinoma increases cancer risk

A

*Preforms Reverse transcription

25
Q

Transmission of Hepatitis B

  • Method
  • audience
A

Method:

  • blood contact
  • breaks in skin or mucus membranes
  • unprotected sex
  • sharing needles

(audience)
-homosexual sex and drug addicts

26
Q

Prevention of Hepatitis B

Vaccine

A

(Chronic)
-interferon

  • care when handling needles
  • vaccine
27
Q

Main Biological Features of Human Papilloma Viruses

  • viral morphology
  • NONENVELOPED
  • DNA
A
  • NONENVELOPED
  • dsDNA, circular DNA
  • causes persistent infections and tumors
  • long incubation
  • Lysogenic w/o integration
28
Q

Diseases of Human Papilloma Viruses
>Skin warts (70)
-common seed warts(elevated, rough on finder)
-plantar warts (deeper, on soles of feet)
-flat warts (smooth on face, elbows, knees, trunk)

> genital warts (30) . (tiny, flat, branching, coliflour-like)
-ONCOGENIC (cervical cancer)

Mechanism of Human Papilloma Viruses
(Lytic & Lysogenic w/o integration)

A

(skin warts)
-most common
-E6 & E7 protein inhibits apoptosis
>cell continues to grow and form warts

(genital warts)
-HPV 16 & HPV 18 inhibit anticancer proteins(P53 & Rb)
>increases possibility of integration
-malignant tumors or cervical cancer

29
Q

Transmission of Human Papilloma Viruses

  • Method
  • audience
A

Method:

  • direct contact with wart
  • contaminated fomites
  • auto innoculation
30
Q

Prevention of Human Papilloma Viruses

vaccine

A
  • papsmear
  • condoms
  • vaccine (Gardasil & Cervarix)
  • surgery

Microbiological control & Virology (4 decks)

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