Ch 24 Flashcards
Main Biological Features of VARIOLA VIRUS (poxviruses)
- viral morphology
- enveloped
- DNA
- lack nucleocaspid
- dsDNA
- enveloped
- specificity for the cytoplasm of epidermal cells and subcutaneous connective tissues
- large, complex animal viruses
Diseases of VARIOLA VIRUS
>variola major(virulent)
>variola minor
(acute infection)
-Lytic cycle only
-symptoms
Smallpox (skin/skeletal)
-specificity for the cytoplasm of epidermal cells and subcutaneous connective tissues
> Variola major
-causes toxemia, shock, and intravascular coagulation
Variola minor
symptoms:
-malaise, fever, prostration,rash in pharynx
Viremia (Cardiovasc/Lymphatic/Systemic)
Transmission of VARIOLA VIRUS
-Method
method:
droplets
Prevention/Treatment of VARIOLA VIRUS
Vaccine
- controlled via variolation process
note: no longer bioterrorism risk
Main Biological Features of HERPESVIRUSES (all)
- viral morphology
- enveloped
- DNA
- iscaherdral caspid
- enveloped
- dsDNA
all are episomal(don’t enter host genome)
all are lysogenic without integration -not oncogenic(exception:epstein barr, HHV 8)
Diseases of HSV1
-Herpes Labialis
-Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
-Herpetic keratitis
-Herpetic whitlow
SKIN
(rare)—-Herpetic encephalitis
NERVOUS/MUSC
Mechanism of Simplex 1
(Lytic cycle & Lysogeny)
-episomal
-occurs in trigeminal ganglion
PERSISTENT infections-not immediately lysed. can reactivate
(Herpes Labialis)
-fever blister/ cold sores
(Herpetic Gingivostomatitis)
- inflamation of entire oral mucosa (tongue, cheek, lip)
- complications may involve pharyngitis
(Herpetic keratitis)
- inflamation of the eye
- latent virus travels into opthalmic rather than mandibular branch of trigeminal ganglion
(Herpetic whitlow)
-deepset infection. in broken skin/ussually finger
inflamation causes blood to not flow into finger» gangrene gas develops like w/clostridium perfringens
Transmission of Simplex 1
- Method
- audience
Method:
- Direct, close contact
- exposure to secretions
>Keratitis -introduced to eye via contact or finger >H. whitlow -enters through break in skin. (audience) -healthcare workers -direct contact to virus
Diseases of HSV2
-genital herpes
UROGENITAL
Mechanism of Simplex 2
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
-Sacral ganglia
Transmission of Simplex 2
(Genital herpes)
symptoms:
-malaise, anorexia, fever, swelling, tenderness of groin, clusters on genetalia
Transmission
-sexual or intimate contact
Prevention/treatment of HS1
Prevention/treatment of HS2
Treatments:
- DNA inhibitor before blisters develop
- DNA polymerase & kinase prevents lyric cycles
(Herpes Simplex 1)
-antibiotics
ex)
-acyclovir
(Herpes Simplex 2)
- condoms (prevention)
- Topical medication/ointments
- Systemic therapies
Diseases of VARICELLA-ZOSTER (Varicella) -Chicken pox (Zoster) -Shingles PERSISTENT infections-not immediately lysed. can reactivate
Mechanism of varicella-zoster
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
-ganglia
activated by stress
lytic cycle+host response makes lungs swell
-worse in adults bc in childhood not fully developed
(Varicella) >Chicken pox symptoms: fever, rash SKIN
(Zoster) >Shingles symptoms: painful rash, infects ganglia of neurons NERVOUS
PERSISTENT infections-not immediately lysed. can reactivate
Transmission of VARICELLA-ZOSTER
- Method
- audience
Method:
- Respiratory droplets
- direct contact
Audience:
(varicella/chickenpox)
-children
(zoster/shingles)
-adults develop after REACTIVATION
reactivation may occur after x-rays or drug treatments
Prevention of VARICELLA-ZOSTER
Vaccine
Vaccine for both
in some cases acyclovir
Diseases of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS -Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis (similar to epstein barr, but no sore throat) -Retinitis -congenital abnormalities, leading cause SKIN/SKELETAL
Mechanism of cytomegalovirus
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
–in blood cells(WBC)
-lining of vascular tissues
(Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis)
- syndrome characterized by fever, lymphocytosis
- opportunistic, systemic disease
- produce giant cells w/ nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions
> in newborns
large spleen and liver, jaundice
can cause death
-purple lesions present due to hemorrhage
(Retinitis)
- reactivation of the virus
- causes blindness
Transmission of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
- Method
- audience
Method:
- saliva, respiratoy music, milk, urine, semes, and cervical secretions . (childhood)
- sexual exposure (adulthood)
audicence:
immunocompromised
Prevention/treatment of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
drug therapy
Diseases of EPSTEIN BARR
- infectious mononucleosis
- Burkkitt lymphoma
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Mechanism of cytomegalovirus
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
-human lymphoid tissue and salivary glands
ONCOGENIC
(Infectious mononucleosis)
symptoms:
sore throat, feverm cervical lymphadenopathy
LYMPHATIC
(Burkkitt lymphoma)
-B-cell malignancy
(Nasopharyngeal carcinoma)
-malignancy of epithelial cells
Transmission of EPSTEIN BARR
- Method
- audience
Method:
- direct oral contact
- contamination with saliva
(audience)
-blood/organ transplant patients
Prevention/treatment of EPSTEIN BARR
- sanitation
- acyclovir
> Burkitt lymphoma
-anticancer drugs and surgery
Diseases of HHV6, HHV7
-Roseola infantum
(SELF-LIMITTING)
(HHV 6)
-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, oral carcinoma, T-cell leukemia
Mechanism of cytomegalovirus
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
cell nucleus
ONCOGENIC
(Roseola infantum) -an acute febrile disease in babies Symptoms: fever, rash SKIN
No treatment–
is self-limmiting
Transmission of HHV6, HHV7
- Method
- audience
Method:
Close contact with saliva and other secretions
Diseases of HHV8
-Kaposi sarcoma
Mechanism of cytomegalovirus
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
endothelial cells and B cells
-in vascular tissue
ONCOGENIC (blood)
(Kaposi sarcoma)
- associated with common tumor of AIDS patients
- involved in myeloma(cancer of blood)
Transmitted sexually
Main Biological Features of Hepatitis B
- viral morphology
- enveloped
- DNA (BOTH ds &ss)
- enveloped
- dsDNA & ssDNA
- never been grown in tissue culture
- caspid
recycles hemoglobin into bilirrubin
-accumulation of bulirubin in blood and tissues
Diseases of Hepatitis B
-Liver infection
(Chronic disease)
- necrosis
- cirrhosis
- hepatocellular carcinoma
symptoms:
malaise, fever, chills, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea
-hepatocellular carcinoma increases cancer risk
Mechanism of Hepatitis B
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
Lytic cycle+host resonse may evolve into serrosis and increase cancer risk
- lytic cycle kills host cells
- host response impairs liver functions to metabolize lipids and recycle hemoglobin
ONCOGENIC (hepatic cancer)
-hepatocellular carcinoma increases cancer risk
*Preforms Reverse transcription
Transmission of Hepatitis B
- Method
- audience
Method:
- blood contact
- breaks in skin or mucus membranes
- unprotected sex
- sharing needles
(audience)
-homosexual sex and drug addicts
Prevention of Hepatitis B
Vaccine
(Chronic)
-interferon
- care when handling needles
- vaccine
Main Biological Features of Human Papilloma Viruses
- viral morphology
- NONENVELOPED
- DNA
- NONENVELOPED
- dsDNA, circular DNA
- causes persistent infections and tumors
- long incubation
- Lysogenic w/o integration
Diseases of Human Papilloma Viruses
>Skin warts (70)
-common seed warts(elevated, rough on finder)
-plantar warts (deeper, on soles of feet)
-flat warts (smooth on face, elbows, knees, trunk)
> genital warts (30) . (tiny, flat, branching, coliflour-like)
-ONCOGENIC (cervical cancer)
Mechanism of Human Papilloma Viruses
(Lytic & Lysogenic w/o integration)
(skin warts)
-most common
-E6 & E7 protein inhibits apoptosis
>cell continues to grow and form warts
(genital warts)
-HPV 16 & HPV 18 inhibit anticancer proteins(P53 & Rb)
>increases possibility of integration
-malignant tumors or cervical cancer
Transmission of Human Papilloma Viruses
- Method
- audience
Method:
- direct contact with wart
- contaminated fomites
- auto innoculation
Prevention of Human Papilloma Viruses
vaccine
- papsmear
- condoms
- vaccine (Gardasil & Cervarix)
- surgery
