Ch 23 Flashcards
_____ means excessive dry mouth
Xerostomia
____ is the process by which body uses food
Nutrition
______ is a condition resulting from lack of proper nutrition with diet
Malnutrition
_____ is a chemical and physical process in which body cells break down and utilize food, water and other chemicals needed to maintain life and function of each body system
Metabolism
____ “breaking” down where the body reduces complex substances into simpler substances
Catabolism
_____ is when the body uses components to build or reconstruct new components or tissue
Anabolism
Dietary guidelines for Americans 2015-2020
1. Protein foods such as seafood, lean meats, poultry, eggs, legumes, nuts, seeds, soy, and oils
Limit saturated and trans fats
Know
____ is the process by which food is broken down in the gi tract, begins in the mouth
Digestion
____ is moving food from the esophagus to the stomach, small intestines, large intestine, and rectum
Peristalsis
____ is the process by which nutrients are taken from end products of digestion villi
Absorption
The 6 essential nutrients are 1. Protein 2. Carbs 3. Fats These three are energy ^^
- Water
- Vitamins
- Minerals
^^^ essential for body function
Know
_____ builds, repairs, and maintains body tissue and is the main function.
Protein.
A gram of protein contains ____ kcals of the daily protein diet
4
Functions of _____
- New tissue production
- Formation of antibodies, enzymes, and hormones
- Necessary components for heat and energy production
- Component to assist in maintaining fluid balance between cells and bloodstream
- Maintaining acid base balance
Know
____ is a phase when it’s only needed under stress or illness
Conditional
_____ protein has to come from the 9 food sources.
Essential proteins
_____ proteins are food they contains all 9 essential amino acids (red meat)
Complete proteins
____ is the only veggie complete protein
Soy
____ protein come from plant sources and does not have all essential amino acids
Incomplete proteins
Severe protein deficiency typically after weined from breast feeding is called ____
Kwashikor
Excess protein can play a role in ____ disease
Kidney disease
____ has added hydrogen and makes the product last longer on the shelf (processed and fast foods) increases the bad cholesterol
Trans fat
What increases the bad cholesterol
Trans fat
_______ is corn coil, and it decreases ones risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (good fats)
Polyunsaturated
_____ _____ are from animal sources and they are not good for you.
Saturated fats
____ help us lower our blood levels of bad cholesterol. LDL (liquid at room temp and it’s solid at cold)
Mono saturated
____ is the good cholesterol
HDL
____ is the bad cholesterol
LDL
LDL range is
130-159
HDL range is ________ an it’s ok for it to be a bit higher
40-60mg
____\___ is the most concentrated source of energy
Fats/lipids
Fats/lipids provide ____ kcal per gram
9
Protein is 10-35%
Fat is 25-35%
And carbs is 45-65%
Know
___ makes us feel fuller longer
Fat
____ is the feeling of fullness, content
Satiety
____ is the cholesterol that takes cholesterol back to the liver from the cells
HDL
___ is the cholesterol that transports cholesterol to the cells from the liver
LDL
____ is the fat that is stored in the body but also found in food.
Triglycerides
High levels of ____ contribute to coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome
Triglycerides
____ is a carb that is the primary energy
Glucose
______ carbs are the glucose and fructose that rapidly rise the blood glucose
Simple carbs
____ carbs is what we need more of and it takes it longer to digest
Complex carbs
____ is the primary energy source
Carbs
____ functions to reduced to glucose, salivary amylase, Burns stored fat and causes weight gain and obesity
Carbs
_____ fiber is digested and attracts water making one feel full longer
Soluble
____ fiber is not digested and acts like a bull laxative you need 25-35g daily
Insoluble
____ stabilizes blood glucose level
Fiber
___ decreases LDL and reduces risk of coronary artery disease
Promotes normal bowel movement, increases absorption of minerals
Fiber
It is important to consume adequate amounts of ___________ through your diet or supplements because your body cannot make this. And it is a critical component of normal functioning
Water soluble vitamin.
Fat soluble vitamins are
A, d, e, k
_____ also called thymine is whole grains, water soluble( promotes function of nerve conduction. Typically given to alcoholics
B1 thymine
___ is the disease of vitamin b1 thymine when there is a deficiency.
Beriberi
List the three antioxidants
A
C
E
______ prevents disease such as cancer.
AC,&E
Vitamin ____ is fat soluble and helps with blood clotting. Green leafy veggies made by intentional flora
K
Vitamin ____ is also riboflavin. Green leafy veggies and deficiency results in cracks in the mouth and magenta colored tongue and light destroys this.
Vitamin b2
Vitamin ____ is fat soluble. Retinol, promotes night vision and pretty skin
Vitamin a
Vitamin ___ is fat soluble and is the sun shine vitamin. Helps with strong bones and teeth needed to absorb calcium to
D
Lack of vitamin ___ forms ricketts in children and bone softening and deformities in adults
D
Vitamin ____ also called niacin can be given to lower cholesterol through meat milk and fish.
B3
Vitamin ___ niacins deficiency disease is called pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death
B3
Vitamin ___ niacin is for healthy eyes hair and skin
B3
Also called ascorbic acid. Citrus fruits, antioxidants and wound healing, teeth and gums healthy
Vitamin c
The deficiency disease is scurvy and causes bleeding gums and anemia what vitamin is this
Vitamin c
When you have renal and congestive heart failure ____ is typically restricted
Water
____ what mineral is the structural component of bone and cell membrane
Phosphorous
_____ is a mineral needed for proper growth and immune system
Zinc
____ can be consumed from cantaloupe sweet potatoes bananas helping with proper nerve conduction and maintains the BP level to much of this can stop your heart
Potassium (K)
____ causes muscle weakness and cramping it’s the disease caused from low potassium
Hypokalemia
____ is important to maintain cardiac rhythm and is helpful for neuromuscular activity
Magnesium
___ is needed for good hgb
Iron
____ promotes thyroid function and can be from salt water seafood and helps with metabolism
Iodine
