Ch 23-25 Exam Review Flashcards
1
Q
By 1933
A
25% of the labor force was unemployed
2
Q
Hoover adhered very strongly to
A
American traditions
3
Q
What traditions did Hoover adhere to
A
- Economic outcomes or just a product of individual character 2. For voluntary action businesses could regulate themselves (laizze faire)
4
Q
The great depression was where
A
Worldwide
5
Q
Reconstruction finance Corporation
A
Lent little money to troubled railroads and banks but not enough to keep them from closing
6
Q
Hoovers failures include
A
His strict adherence to the GOLD STANDARD,the SMOOT-HAWLEY TARIFF (raised rates of incoming products so now other countries won’t import), PRIVATE CHARITY should meet the needs of people, Americans should “TIGHTEN their BELTS and WORK HARDER” (make do with less)
7
Q
What cause to route to rapidly become the most hated man in America
A
His failures
8
Q
What were shantytowns also known as
A
Hooverville’s
9
Q
What were shantytowns
A
Areas developed by the homeless where they would use whatever they could find for shelter
10
Q
Farmers were meeting bankers with
A
Armed resistance
11
Q
Farmers formed the
A
Farmers holiday association
12
Q
The farmers holiday association
A
Stated that farmers would not ship any more products into cities until prices went up
13
Q
Violent labor confrontation
A
Kentucky coal mines didn’t have money or work so they retaliated
14
Q
When did the bonus army march
A
Summer 1932
15
Q
What cause Hoovers popularity to plunge
A
The way he handled the bonus army march
16
Q
How many unemployed world war one veterans participated in the bonus army march
A
15000
17
Q
When were the world war one veterans supposed to receive their soldiers pension
A
1945
18
Q
What did the bonus army marchers ask for
A
To receive their soldiers pension early(1932)
19
Q
Where did the bonus army marchers camp
A
Outside of the capital building in Washington
20
Q
How did Hoover deal with the bonus army march
A
He sent the army to affect the marchers. He burned the encampment, dispersed them, and many were injured
21
Q
Who led the army to evict the world war one veterans during the bonus army march
A
Douglas MacArthur
22
Q
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the governor of where
A
New York
23
Q
What was FDR during world war one
A
The assistant secretary of the Navy
24
Q
What left FDR paralyzed
A
Polio
25
Many historians believe FDR wouldn't have won if
The TV was around to show his crippled legs
26
What did FDR promise
Bold, extensive, and persistent experimentation to get the nation out of the depression(didn't know what would work)
27
FDR won hands down because of his
Personal charisma
28
FDR one in November but was not inaugurated until
March
29
FDR was elected in the year
1932 (inaugurated 1933)
30
During the time between FDR was elected and the time when he was inaugurated
The great depression situation got worse
31
Which state took the worst hit during the depression
Ohio (severe unemployment but they trusted him)
32
When did FDR issue the banking reform
The day after his inauguration
33
What did FDR's banking reform state
He declared a banking holiday and closed every bank to re-organize the system with three components
34
What were the three components of of re-organizing the banking system
1. EMERGENCY BANKING ACT 2.GLASS-STEGAL ACT
| 3. TOOK US OFF OF THE GOLD STANDARD
35
What did the emergency banking act do
Stated that in order for banks to re-open they would have to prove that they have sufficient reserves and funds. FDR assured the American people in his first fireside chat that banks would reopen
36
What was the Glass-Steagall act
Created the Federal deposit insurance Corporation
37
What was the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
If a bank could re-open the federal government would ensure peoples money up to $25,000. This encouraged people to put their money back into banks
38
What was the agricultural adjustment act
Provided subsidies to farmers who agreed to cut farm production. It kept price is high so farmers could make money (supply and demand)
39
What was the national industrial recovery act
It would regulate industries and give freedom but also regulate
40
Unemployment relief
Founded the federal emergency relief administration
41
What is today's equivalent of the federal emergency relief administration
FEMA
42
Who led the federal emergency relief administration
Harry Hopkins
43
What did the federal emergency relief administration do
They didn't believe that they should give people direct payments (the dole) but believed that they should give federally funded jobs over cash
44
People were put to work through
The Public Works administration
45
The CCC
Loaded up unemployed men on buses to build community parks, monuments, etc.
46
The federal emergency relief administration believe that cash should be given to
Single mothers with children
47
FDR wanted to give jobs to
Everyone – blacks and other minorities
48
What did the homeowners loan Corporation do
Refinance mortgage so people wouldn't lose their jobs
49
By the time Congress recessed in June 1933
The downward spiral had been halted – people still criticized FDR
50
Who didn't like FDRs reforms
Republicans, business leaders, and Conservative Democrats
51
What did the Republicans business leaders and conservative Democrats for
The liberty League
52
Why was the liberty league formed
To oppose the new deal
53
Critics on the right
Believed FDR was doing too much
54
Critics on the populist left
Believe FDR wasn't doing enough
55
In Schecter vs the United States
The Supreme Court cut down the NRIA (believed it was unconstitutional because FDR wanted to regulate businesses) and shut down the AAA
56
How did FDR respond to the Supreme Court decisions
He issued new reforms to replace them
57
Who won at an old age pension
Dr. Francis Townsend
58
Who would be protected under the old age pension
People who didn't work that were over the age of 60
59
People under the old age pension would receive
$200 per month
60
Who was father Charles Coughlin
A Detroit priest who wanted social justice
61
What did father Charles Coughlin do
Went to the radio to condemn FDR for not doing enough. He believe government should do more
62
Democrat from Louisiana
Huey long
63
What did Huey long create
The share our wealth society
64
What did the share our wealth society call Fore
But equal distribution of wealth and tax on anything earned over $1 million – the poor loved the rich and working hated it
65
FDR passes the Wagner act
It gave workers the right to unionize an out loud businesses rights to fire people for unionizing
66
What did the Wagner act create
The national Labour relations act
67
Why did FDR create the Wagner act
Because the Supreme Court had overturned the NRIA
68
When was the Social Security act issued
1935
69
What did the Social Security act do
Neutralized Townsend – FDR gave old age pension and payments to widowed mothers until their kids were 18 and blind, deaf, or disabled could get pension (good thing)
70
What is new deal liberalism
The government is responsible for supporting the needy (basic welfare)
71
FDR runs for his second term in
1936
72
FDR will win
Hands-down
73
By 1936 FDR's Works progress administration
Had put 8.5 million people to work – constructing and repairing buildings, bridges, courthouses, airports etc. (things that help people) this began to attract voters from all over the country
74
Because the Supreme Court keeps overturning FDR's plans
He creates a court packing plan
75
What was FDR's court packing plan
For every court member over the age of 70 he would appoint new members
76
How many new justices would FDR appoint
Four or five
77
Why was the court packing plan not good
Because FDR could change the face of the court in America for 20 to 30 years
78
In order to stop the court packing
Ironically they quit overturning his legislation
79
Industrial unionization grew as a result of
The new deal-get increased power
80
Congress of industrial organizations
Brought together all workers of a certain industry. Women got more cash relief than men
81
Frances Perkins was
The first woman cabinet member – secretary of labor
82
Eleanor Roosevelt was either
Loved or hated because she was not the typical first lady
83
Eleanor Roosevelt was a
Feminist and she was very vocal about political issues
84
Trouble people because
She was very active and had a lot of power
85
Minorities (particularly African-Americans outside of the South)
The Democratic Party
86
What were FDR's issues
The CCC was segregated, blacks wanted federal anti-lynching laws and FDR refused
87
Why did FDR not focus on African-American rights
He had to pick his battles and the economy came first
88
Who were the Scottsboro boys
Nine black youths accused of raping to white women in Scottsboro Alabama
89
Even though FDR didn't create laws to protect African-Americans
He still did more than other presidents ever had so they supported him
90
Who was the head of the bureau of Indian affairs
Jon collier
91
What did Jon call your do
Pasty Indian reorganization act of 1934 "the Indian new deal"
92
What did the Indian reorganization act to do
Reverse the Dawes act, gave Indians increase religious freedom, and more power to tribal government
93
The government promoted the "repatriation of Mexicans" what was this
Deportation
94
60% of the Mexicans who repatriated were
American citizens
95
Some Mexicans left
Voluntarily while others resisted leads the the Mexican American Movement
96
Discrimination against Asians got worse
They were in eligible for citizenship or any aid under the new deal at all
97
Where and when did the dustbowl occur
The great plains from 1930 to 1941
98
What was the dust bowl
And 11 near drought on top of the great depression
99
People affected by the dust bowl recall
Okies
100
Okies move to California where they were
Not welcome
101
The dust bowl led to the implementation of
This soil conservation service
102
What did the soil conservation service do
They implemented shelterbelts (trees to prevent further erosion) they didn't plant plants but grass to protect the soil
103
When was the Tennessee Valley Authority created
1933 and is still around now
104
What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority
To manage flood control(Build dams)
105
What was the world electrical association
They would bring electricity to farms – co-op government sponsored – the government sets poles on main roads and farmers would pay for lines and some post to house it is still in effect today it is a nonprofit and you would pay for what you use and pay into the co-op
106
Where is the grand Coulee
On the Columbia river in Washington state
107
The grand Coulee dam
Became the largest electricity producing structure in the world
108
FDR believe the arts were important and they were usually
The first to go when in need of money
109
FDR supported the
Federal art project
110
Did the federal art project due
Funded artist under the new deal Dash writers, musicians, theater project, art were all funded and provided with work
111
The federal theater project
Supported writers and actors
112
The new deal did not
End the Great Depression
113
Japan in 1931 began a program of
Military expansion in Asia
114
Japan began by occupying
Manchuria
115
In 1937 Japan issued a full-scale invasion of
China
116
Benito Mussolini of Italy invaded
Ethiopia in 1935
117
In Germany in 1933
Eight off Hitler came to power
118
Germany was suffering primarily because of
World War I reparation payments they also have the great depression to deal with
119
Hitler said that they shouldn't have to deal with
The Versailles treaty
120
Who did Hitler blamed for Germany suffer
Jews, Gypsies, Slavs another inferior races
121
Why did the Germans follow Hitler
He seemed to be a savior in desperate times
122
In order to focus on Germany first Hitler
Began to build up Germany and threw out the Versailles treaty
123
What did the 1935 neutrality act institute
A cash and carry policy for all belligerent nations (Italy and Germany) who wanted to buy from us. They had to pay cash to buy from American businesses. It also been loans to belligerent nations
124
In 1938
Hitler annexed Austria claiming they were taking back what was already theirs
125
Butler invades Poland on
September 1,1939
126
Britain and France declare war on
September 3,1939
