CH 23 Flashcards
congenital absence of one or both eyes
Anophthalmia
Short broad head because of premature suture fusion
Brachycephaly
Congenital anomalaies of the head cause by teratogens or development disruptions of the nervous system
Cebocephaly
Central portion of the cerebellum between the hemispheres
Vermis
Substance that interferes with embryonic development
Teratogen
Toward the cephalic/head end
Rostral
Posterior displacement of the maxilla and mandible
Retrognathia
Disease characteristic
Pathognomonic
Graph
Nomogram
Nostrils
Nare
Either the rostral or caudal end of the neural tube
Neuropore
Dilatation or distention of a hollow structure
Ectasia
Malformation of an organ or structure
Dysmorphic
Abnormally formed organs
Dysgenesis
Long narrow head
Dolichocephaly
Congenital brain anomaly resulting from a migrational defect of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles leading to ventricular enlargement
Colpocephaly
The choroid plexus invaginates into the
Ventricles
The mentencephalon and myelencephalon are part of the
Rhombencephalon
The corpus callosum, cerbellar vermis, sulci, gyri, migration of the germinal matric, and myelination develop after
15 weeks gestation
BPD is measured at the level of the __ and columns of the fornix
Thalami
What is the alternative measurement to the BPD
HC
The most studied artery in the fetal brain is the
MCA
A normal cisterna magna measurement is less than
1 cm
The most frequent anomaly noted with a cleft palate or cleft lip is
Club foot
Fetuses with hypoplastic mandible anomalies are at risk of acute neonatal
Respiratory distress
Sonographic features of meroanencephaly include
Frog-like appearance
A fetal brain with no recognizable cerebral cortex and defined thalami and cerebellum is
Hydranencephaly
Agenesis of the corpus callosum reveals all except
Hypertelorism
Dandy walker malformation consists of
Marked cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle
Lissencephaly is an absence or paucity of gyri resulting in the characteristic appearance of
Smooth cerebral surface after 20 weeks
A marked retroflexed neck is an indication of
Iniencephaly
A correct measurement of the BPD involves placing two cursors at the
Outer edge of the proximal skull to the inner edge of the distal skull
Enlargement of the ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid displacement of the choroid plexus results in a condition called
Dangling choroid plexus
Bleeding anywhere in the fetal cranium is known as all except
Petechial hemorrhage
A measurement of the lateral ventricular atrium should not exceed
1 cm
The forebrain is also known as
Prosencephalon
Many brain structures develop between week __
3 & 16
The great cerebral vein is also called
vein of galen
The third ventricle is positioned between the ___ and the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles
thalami
A microcephalic fetus may demonstrate __ ventricles
enlarged ventricles
The best angle of insonation to obtain peak velocity of the MCA is less than __ degrees
15
A decreased interorbital distance is
hypotelorism
Between ____ weeks, the transverse cerebellar diamter measured in mm correlates 1:1 with the gestational age
16 & 24
A cerebral development disorder that involves disorered neuronal migration
Schizenecephaly
Holoprosencephaly is divided into
alobar, semilobar, lobar varieties
Small head
Microcephaly
Protrusions of the meninges and frequently of brain substance through a defect in the cranium is
Cephalocele
To obtain the MCA peak velocity, image the fetal head in a __ plane
transverse
The tongue extending beyond the teeth or alveolar ridge is
Macroglossia
A sonolucent in the choroid plexus is known as
Chronic plexus cyst
Macrocepaly is defined as a head circumference ___ standard deviations ___ the mean for GA
2-3 / above
____ an abnormal increase in the vlume of the cerebral ventricles
Ventriculomegaly
Arnold hiari malformations often have accompanying
spina bifida
The presence of a single median bony orbit with a fleshy proboscis about it is
cyclopa
The BPD maintains the closest cooreltion with ga in the ___ trimester
first, and early second
