Ch 22 ASD and ADHD Book Key Points Flashcards
Psychiatric disorders are more difficult to diagnose in:
children than in adults because children’s basic development is incomplete, and they may lack the ability to recognize or to describe what they are experiencing.
Children and adolescents can experience some of the same mental health problems seen in adults, such as:
depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety.
The disorders of childhood and adolescence most often encountered in mental health settings include:
ASD and ADHD.
Intellectual disability involves:
below-average intellectual functioning (IQ below 70) and is accompanied by significant limitations in adaptive functioning, such as communication, self-care, self-direction, academic achievement, work, and health and safety. The degree of impairment is directly related to the IQ.
Tic disorders involve:
various combinations of involuntary vocal and/or motor tics.
Tourette disorder is most common. Tic disorders are usually treated successfully with atypical antipsychotic medications.
Elimination disorders cause:
impairment for the child based on the response of parents, the level of self-esteem, and the degree of ostracism by peers.
Learning disorders include categories for substandard achievement in:
reading, mathematics, and written expression. They are treated through special education in schools.
Communication disorders may involve:
language, speech, sound or fluency, or social rules and expectations of conversation. They are primarily treated by speech and language therapists.
ASD includes a continuum approach to developmental disorders; they are characterized by:
severe impairment of reciprocal social interaction skills, communication deviance, and restricted, stereotyped behavioral patterns.
Children with ASD seem:
detached and make little eye contact with and few facial expressions toward others. They do not relate to peers or parents, lack spontaneous enjoyment, and cannot engage in play or make- believe with toys.
Autism is often treated with behavioral approaches. Months or years of treatment may be needed before positive outcomes appear.
The essential feature of ADHD is:
a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.
ADHD, the most common disorder of childhood, results in poor academic performance, strained family relations, and rejection by peers.
Interventions for ADHD include:
a combination of medication, behavioral interventions, and parental education. Often, special educational assistance is needed to help with academic achievement.
