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Reproductive System > Ch. 22 > Flashcards

Ch. 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the testes originate in a fetus?

A

retroperitoneal

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2
Q

When do the testes begin to descend?

A

two months prior to birth

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3
Q

The failure of a testes to descend is referred to as _____.

A

cryptorchidism

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4
Q

Spermatogenesis is a function of the _____.

A

seminiferous tubule

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5
Q

The process of capacitation usually occurs in the _____.

A

vagina

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6
Q

Which term includes the other terms?

A

semen

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7
Q

The urethra passes through the _____ of the penis.

A

corpora spongiosum

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8
Q

Which of the following is NOT compatible with penile erection?

A

blood leaves erectile tissue

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9
Q

Which hormone initiates the changes in puberty?

A

GnRH

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10
Q

Which of these includes the other terms?

A

vulva

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11
Q

What structure corresponds to the scrotum in the male?

A

labia major

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12
Q

The _____ is the space between the labia minor.

A

vestibule

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the clitoris?

A

corpus spongiosum

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14
Q

The female Bartholin glands correspond to the male _____.

A

Cowper’s

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15
Q

Which of the following is a steroid?

A

estrogen

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16
Q

Which hormone thickens the lining of the uterus?

A

estrogen

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17
Q

Which hormone causes the uterus to increase glycogen?

A

progesterone

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18
Q

The shedding and bleeding of the decidua during menses is directly caused by low levels of _____.

A

sex steroids

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT a result of menopause?

A

increase in calcium deposition

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20
Q

Specifically, where are sperm cells formed within the testes?

A

within the seminiferous tubules

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21
Q

What is the source of the male sex hormones?

A

interstitial cells

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22
Q

Testicular cancer usually arises from the _____

A

seminiferous tubules

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23
Q

Where do sperm cells attain fertilization competence and motility?

A

epididymis

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24
Q

Where does the epididymis direct sperm cells into?

A

vas deferens

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25
Q

The end of the vas deferens is a dilated sac called the _____.

A

ampulla

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26
Q

The ejaculatory duct is the union of the vas deferens and _____.

A

seminal vesicle

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27
Q

The substrate used for sperm metabolism is produced by the _____.

A

seminal vesicle

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28
Q

The main function of the prostate seems to be _____.

A

secretion of alkaline mucus

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29
Q

Infertility could develop when the sperm cells display _____.

A

a count of less than 20 million per ml semen

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30
Q

Which of the following has no homolog in the female?

A

prostate

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31
Q

The target of FSH is the _____.

A

seminiferous tubule

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32
Q

The target of ICSH is the _____.

A

interstitial cells

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33
Q

Testosterone is converted to _____ in the prostate.

A

dihydrotestosterone

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34
Q

Which of these is NOT a function of testosterone?

A

loss of body hair

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35
Q

What normally inhibits testosterone production?

A

decreasing ICSH

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36
Q

The largest ovarian ligament is the _____ ligament.

A

broad

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37
Q

How many oocytes are there in the ovaries of an adult?

A

400,000

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38
Q

Which cell has been fertilized by a sperm cell?

A

secondary oocyte

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39
Q

A cell called the ______ is a fertilized cell with 46 chromosomes.

A

zygote

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40
Q

The result of oogenesis is _____.

A

one secondary oocyte

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41
Q

The outside layer of the oocyte is the _____.

A

zona pellucida

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42
Q

The mature follicle is also called a _____.

A

Graafian follicle

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43
Q

When do the corona radiata cells appear?

A

12 days

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44
Q

During ovulation, the oocyte passes into the _____.

A

pelvic cavity

45
Q

What is the first structure to receive the oocyte?

A

fimbriae

46
Q

The largest component of the uterus by weight is the ___

A

myometrium

47
Q

The superior portion of the uterus is the _____.

A

fundus

48
Q

The outer serosal layer of the uterus is the _____.

A

perimetrium

49
Q

The superior region of the vagina is the _____.

A

cervix

50
Q

Which hormone stimulates the secondary female sex organs?

A

estrogen

51
Q

Which of these is NOT a function of estrogen?

A

decreases adipose

52
Q

What area experiences the greatest changes in a menstrual cycle?

A

endometrium

53
Q

Which of the following is NOT a source of estrogen?

A

pituitary

54
Q

Which factor causes the act of ovulation?

A

LH levels

55
Q

Where is the majority of progesterone produced?

A

corpus luteum

56
Q

Which hormone is produced throughout a menstrual cycle?

A

estrogen

57
Q

Which factor will inhibit the secretion of estrogens?

A

estrogens

58
Q

What factor will inhibit LH secretion?

A

progesterone

59
Q

Which of the following is the most accurate sequence of hormones?

A

FSH, estrogen, LH, progesterone

60
Q

During spermatogenesis, which stage is the first to be haploid in number of chromosomes?

A

secondary spermatocyte

61
Q

What portion of the sperm cell contains the twenty-three chromosomes?

A

the head

62
Q

Males have a number of internal accessory organs. Which one(s) is/are responsible for secreting fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins?

A

seminal vesicles

63
Q

Which male accessory gland lies inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the urethra like a donut?

A

the prostrate

64
Q

A number of hormonal secretions begin to increase during puberty. Which hormone appears to initiate the process of puberty?

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

65
Q

Within the female ovary, primordial follicles begin their development ________

A

during prenatal development

66
Q

What is the purpose of polar bodies during oogenesis?

A

Polar bodies serve both as a dumping ground for extra sets of chromosomes and ensure that the ovum will have most of the cytoplasm.

67
Q

During ovulation, a(n) _____________ is released from the ovary.

A

secondary oocyte

68
Q

Which layer of the uterus is shed once monthly during menstruation?

A

the endometrium

69
Q

Ovulation appears to be triggered by a midcycle surge in ______________

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

70
Q

Choosing from the following list, the most effective means of preventing conception is _____________.

A

tubal ligation

71
Q

Which sexually transmitted disease is also associated with pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility in females?

A

chlamydia infection

72
Q

What is the term for the primary human sex organs?

A

gonads

73
Q

Which factor favors spermatozoa development?

A

temperature of 34(degree_sign)C

74
Q

Which cells are the earliest in the male sequence of sperm production?

A

spermatogonia

75
Q

Which sperm structure contains enzymes that help penetrate ova?

A

acrosome

76
Q

Which structure is NOT found within the spermatic cord?

A

urethra

77
Q

How many mature, functional follicles will a female produce in a lifetime?

A

400

78
Q

Which structure is formed following ovulation?

A

corpus luteum

79
Q

Testosterone injections are used to treat prostate cancer.

A

False

80
Q

Sperm cells die immediately when they are released from the body and are placed in a petri plate.

A

False

81
Q

Semen contains chemicals that cause female smooth muscle to contract.

A

True

82
Q

The dartos muscle assists sperm development by helping maintain a testes temperature close to 98.6 F.

A

False

83
Q

The crura of the corpora cavernosa attach the penis to the bones of the pubic arch.

A

True

84
Q

Emission is the release of semen from the body during the process of orgasm.

A

False

85
Q

Testosterone increases the number of red blood cells.

A

True

86
Q

The ovarian medulla contains cells that will differentiate into the oocytes.

A

False

87
Q

The outer layer of an ovary is similar to the tunica albuginea outer testis layer.

A

False

88
Q

Females produce hundreds of oocytes each month in comparison to the millions of sperm cells produced in the same age male.

A

False

89
Q

Ciliated epithelium and peristaltic waves help move the oocyte through the Fallopian tubes.

A

True

90
Q

The vagina is anterior to the bladder and posterior to the rectum.

A

False

91
Q

All of the muscle associated with the vagina is involuntary and smooth.

A

False

92
Q

During orgasm, the muscle of the uterus and uterine tubes undergo rhythmic contractions.

A

True

93
Q

Female athletes usually experience menstrual cycles with excessive loss of blood.

A

False

94
Q

The first female menstrual cycle is called thelarche.

A

False

95
Q

The hormone inhibin acts to decrease the production of FSH.

A

True

96
Q

The cortical granules of the ovum membrane cause the increase in sperm acrosomal activity and penetration.

A

False

97
Q

Cleavage is an early process of division that causes an increase in the size of the embryo.

A

True

98
Q

Endometriosis is the increase in uterine tissue which causes excessive bleeding and possible infertility.

A

True

99
Q

For most women who decide to breast feed, it will be easier to become pregnant during the first month after delivery than it will be one year later.

A

False

100
Q

Spermicidal foams and creams are an effective means of contraception.

A

False

101
Q

Estrogen stimulates fat deposition and duct development in the breasts.

A

True

102
Q

A mammogram can be used to screen for but not diagnose breast cancer.

A

True

103
Q

The testes in the male and ovaries in the female can both be found in the pelvic cavity of an early fetus.

A

False

104
Q

Meiosis is defined as the process by which sperm cells give rise to four daughter cells each.

A

False

105
Q

The epididymis is a coiled tubule in the testes that stores sperm cells.

A

False

106
Q

The vas deferens connects to the urethra at the base of the penis.

A

False

107
Q

The ovarian follicle cells will develop into the oocytes each month.

A

False

108
Q

In a pregnancy, the corpus luteum will last from 3 to 6 months

A

False

Reproductive System (1 decks)

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