CH 21 Risk Factors Facilitation Transmission of Infectious Agents

Question 1

Examples of Infectious Agents

Answer 1

Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Parasites

Question 2

Break the Chain: Infectious Agents

Answer 2

Diagnosis and treatment, Antimicrobial stewardship

Question 3

Examples of Reservoir

Answer 3

Dirty Surface, People, Water, Animal/Insect, Soil

Question 4

Break the Chain: Reservoir

Answer 4

Cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, infection prevention policies, pest controls

Question 5

Examples of Portal of Entry

Answer 5

Broken skin, incisions, respiratory tract, mucous membrane, catheters and tubes

Question 6

Break the Chain: Portal of Entry

Answer 6

Hand hygiene, ppe, personal hygiene, first aid, removal of invasive devices

Question 7

Examples of Portal of Exit

Answer 7

open wound, splatter of body fluids, aerosols

Question 8

Break the Chain: Portal of Exit

Answer 8

Hand hygiene, PPE, control of aerosols and splatter, respiratory etiquette, waste disposal

Question 9

Examples of Mode of Transmission

Answer 9

Contact (direct/indirect), ingestion, inhalation

Question 10

Break the Chain: Mode of Transmission

Answer 10

Hand hygiene, PPE, food safety, cleaning, disinfection. Sterilization, isolation

Question 11

Examples of Susceptible Host

Answer 11

Any person, especially immunocompromised

Question 12

Break the Chain: Mode of Transmission

Answer 12

Immunization, treatment of underlying disease, health insurance, patient education

Question 13

virulence

Answer 13

the ability to grow and multiply

Question 14

infectivity

Answer 14

the ability to enter tissue

Question 15

pathogenicity

Answer 15

the ability to cause disease

Question 16

duration of exposure

Answer 16

length of time the person is exposed to the organism

Question 17

size of inoculum

Answer 17

the number of organisms needed to cause disease

Question 18

Medical Interventions that Increase Risk

Answer 18

Presence of invasive devices
Placement in an ICU
Exposure to antibiotics or certain medications
Immunosuppressive therapy
Length of hospitalization
Staffing ratios
Experience and training of care provider for certain device-associated infections
Increased number of HCP examinations/procedures

Question 19

Patient Factors that Increase Risk of Transmission of Infectious Agents

Answer 19

Immunosuppresive disease,
malignant disorders
occupatioon, travel history, residence, contact with pets/animals. burn wounds, trauma

Question 20

Personal Practice

Answer 20

Immunization of personnel
Restriction of HCP with possible acute ID symptoms
Assignment of patients to be care for by immune HCP
Protocols should be created for evaluation and follow-up of employees with ID exposure

Question 21

Patients with the same airborne disease may share a room if there is no clinical contraindication

Answer 21

true

Question 22

Cohorting of patients infected or colonized with a common organism by room or personnel assignments can reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents to other noninfectious patients

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Increased HAI rates have been associated with the use of nonpermanent staff

Answer 23

true