Ch 21 Normal Newborn

Question 1

a flap in the septum between the right and left atria of the fetal heart. The blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle and leaves through the ascending aorta. Blood that does not cross the ______ moves to the right ventricle but flow is restricted to the lungs by the narrow pulmonary artery and vessels. Pressure is low on the left side of the heart because there is little resistance as blood leaves the left ventricle to travel to the rest of the body and into the widely dilated placental vessels. The difference in pressure between the right and left sides of the heart allows blood flow through the _____. Functional closure within 72 hours, permanent closure within several months.

Answer 1

Foramen Ovale

Question 2

Approximately 10-12% of the blood goes to the lungs and the rest passes through this to the aorta. Little blood is allowed into the lungs because the pulmonary artery and other blood vessels are constricted, causing high pulmonary vascular resistence.

Answer 2

Pulmonary Blood Vessels

Question 3

Connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta. most of the blood that enters the pulmonary artery passes into the aorta through the widely dilated ______. Dilation is maintained by prostaglandins from the placenta and the low O2 content of the blood. Functional closure 2-3 months; Hypoxia can re-open.

Answer 3

Ductus Arteriosus

Question 4

air-drying of the skin that results in cooling. Drying the infant immediately when wet helps prevent loss of heat by ____. Insensible water loss from the skin and respiratory tract increases heat loss from ____.

Answer 4

Evaporation

Question 5

Movement of heat away from the body occurs when newborns come in direct contact with objects that are cooler than their skin. Contact with warm objects increases body heat by ___. Warming objects that will touch the infant or placing the unclothed infant agains the mothers skin (“skin-to-skin”) helps prevent ____ heat loss.

Answer 5

Conduction

Question 6

Transfer of heat from the infant to cooler surrounding air occurs in _____. When infants are in incubators, the circulating warm air helps keep them warm by ____. Providing a warm, draft-free environment avoids___ heat loss.

Answer 6

Convection

Question 7

The transfer of heat to cooler objects that are not in direct contact with the infant. Placing cribs and incubators away from windows and outside walls minimizes this type of heat loss. Using a radiant warmer transfers heat from the warmer to the cooler infant.

Answer 7

Radiation

Question 8

The metabolism of brown fat to produce heat. Newborns can increase heat production by 100% using this.

Answer 8

Non-shivering Thermoregulation

Question 9

Brown adipose tissue, is the vascular specialized fat that provides heat when metabolized. It is located primarily around the back of the neck, in the axillae, between the scapulae, and sternum. As ___ is metabolized, it generates more heat than white fat. Blood passing through ____ is warmed and carries heat to the rest of the body.

Answer 9

Brown Fat

Question 10

4.8-7.1 million

Answer 10

RBCs in newborn

Question 11

15-24g/dL

Answer 11

Hemoglobin levels in newborn infant

Question 12

Caused by the hemolysis of RBCs; May lead to jaundice.

Answer 12

Excess bilirubin

Question 13

44-70%

Answer 13

Hematocrit

Question 14

A level above 65% from a central site indicates____. Increases the risk of jaundice and injury to the brain and other organs as a result of blood stasis.

Answer 14

Polycythemia

Question 15

9,100-34,000/ mm3

Answer 15

WBC’s