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bio 242 > CH:21 blood vessels > Flashcards

CH:21 blood vessels Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

arteries

A

vessels that carry blood away from the heart, three-layer

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2
Q

three layers of arteries

A

tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa

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3
Q

tunica interna - inner most layer

A

lined with simple squamous epithelium, contracts lumen, basement membrane lies beneath endothelium, internal elastic lamina (elastic tissue) surrounds the basement membrane

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4
Q

tunica media - middle layer

A

usually the thickest layer, has smooth muscle and elastic fibers

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5
Q

tunica externa - outer layer

A

elastic and collagen fiber

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6
Q

two types of arteries

A

elastic arteries and muscular arteries

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7
Q

elastic arteries

A

tunica media has a higher proportion of elastic fibers, larger arteries, propel blood towards smaller arteries

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8
Q

muscular arteries

A

tunica media contains a higher proportion of smooth muscle, allows for vasoconstriction helps direct blood flow, carries blood to organs

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9
Q

arteriales

A

vessels that transport blood to capillaries, smooth muscle predominates, regulates blood flow to capillaries

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10
Q

capillaries

A

composed of basement membrane and simple squamous epithelium, connect arterioles to venules, exchanges substance between blood and tissue cells

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11
Q

microcirculation

A

flow of blood through the capillaries

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12
Q

venules

A

drain capillaries, outer two layers reappear as the venule lead into veins

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13
Q

veins

A

transports blood towards heart, same three layers as arteries, less smooth muscle, valves prevent black flow of blood

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14
Q

varicoose vein

A

weekend valves cause veins to become dilated and twisted

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15
Q

hemorrhoid

A

varicosity of a vessel around the anus

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16
Q

anastomoses

A

joining together of vessels

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17
Q

capillary exchange

A

The movement of substance between the blood and interstitial fluid

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18
Q

diffusion

A

provide movement for substance like oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, amino acids, and some hormones

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19
Q

transcytosis

A

larger substances (insulin) pass through the capillary wall via endocytic vesicles

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20
Q

bulk flow

A

a passive process where large numbers of dissolved and suspended particles in a fluid move together in the same direction

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21
Q

filtration

A

pressure driven movement of fluid and solutes from capillaries into interstitial fluid

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22
Q

reabsorption (resorption)

A

pressure driven movement from interstitial fluid interstitial fluid

23
Q

net filtration pressure

A

net pressure that promotes fluid outflow at the arterial end of a capillary and fluid inflow at the venous end of a capillary

24
Q

Edema

A

abnormal increase in interstitial fluid volume, filtration exceeds reabsorption

25
Q

hemodyamics

A

factors affecting blood flow

26
Q

Blood flow

A

volume of blood that flows through tissues in a period of time, by force of heartbeat and resistance through body

27
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid HR more than 100BPM

28
Q

bradycardia

A

slow resting HR less than 60 BPM

29
Q

normal HR

A

70 - 80 BPM

30
Q

blood pressure

A

the force exerted by blood against walls of blood vessels due to contraction of left ventricle

31
Q

systolic BP

A

force in vessels during ventricular systole

32
Q

diastolic BP

A

pressure remaining in the vessels during ventricular diastolic

33
Q

hypertension

A

High blood pressure
Systolic: greater than 140mmHg
Diastolic: Greater than 90mmHg

34
Q

primary hypertension = idiopathic hypertension

A

causes unknown

35
Q

secondary hypertension

A

has an identifiable underlying cause

36
Q

renal hypertension

A

decreased blood flow through kidneys

37
Q

vascular resistance

A

opposition of blood flow due to friction between the blood and walls o the blood vessels

38
Q

venous return

A

the pressure difference between the venules (16 mmHg) and the RT atrium (0mmHg), skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump are the primary mechanisms of action

39
Q

Factors that affect BP and BF

A

Cardiovascular Center, Chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, hormonal influence, and autoregulation of BP,

40
Q

Cardiovascular center

A

located in medulla oblongata, regulates stroke volume and HR. sympathetic increases HR volume, increases vasoconstriction which increases peripheral resistance, rasping BP

41
Q

Chemoreptors and baroreceptors

A

respond to pressure and chemical changes

42
Q

juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys release?

A

renin, this leads to production of angiotensin 2

43
Q

angiotensin 2 causes?

A

vasoconstriction and stimulates aldosterone secretion

44
Q

aldosterone causes?

A

increase sodium absorption (water) in kidneys which increases blood volume

45
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

released by posterior pituitary gland of water by the kidneys

46
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

released from Adrenal Medulla in response to sympathetic stimulation, these increase the rate and force of cardiac contraction

47
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

A

released when heart is overstretched, inhibits aldosterone production lowering BP, causes excretion of Na+ by the kidneys

48
Q

autoregulation of BP

A

results from tissues ability to automatically adjust to blood flow

49
Q

physical changes

A

warm: vasodilation (widens)
cold: vasocontraction (tightens)

50
Q

myogenic mechanism

A

smooth muscle contracts when stretched and relaxed when pressure decreases

51
Q

shock

A

failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver adequate oxygen and nutrients to meet cellular metabolic needs

52
Q

anerism

A

weakend vessel wall that budlges outward, area enlarges and burst causes internal bleeding, can lead to hypovolemic shock

53
Q

affects of aging

A

loss of vessel elasticity, cardiac muscle fibers become smaller and weaker, systolic tends to rise with age

54
Q
A

bio 242 (3 decks)

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