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HealthAss#3 > Ch 21 Abdomen > Flashcards

Ch 21 Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Solid viscera includes

A

liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus

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2
Q

hollow viscera includes

A

stomach, gall blader, small intestine, colon, bladder

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3
Q

Kidneys are located

A
  1. retroperitoneal (posterior to abdominal contents)
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4
Q

12th rib forms angle with

A

with vertebral column—costovertebral angle (CVA).

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5
Q

DC: Infants

A

abdominal wall thinner—easier to palpate organs.
Liver takes up more abdominal space.
Bladder higher in abdomen.

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6
Q

DC: pregnant women

A

decreased motility of GI tract.

Intestines displaced upward and posterior by enlarging uterus.

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7
Q

DC: Aging adult

A

increased adipose tissue.
Esophageal emptying delayed.
Gastric acid secretions decreased.
Incidence gallstones increased.
Drug metabolism by liver decreased.
Constipation symptoms evaluating using the Rome III symptom criteria:
Decrease in stool frequency (less than 3 times per week)
Straining
Hard stool
Feel of incomplete evacuation and anorectal blockage

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8
Q

Common causes of constipation

A

a) Decreased physical activity
b) Inadequate water intake
c) Low fiber diet
d) Side effects of medications
e) Irritable bowel syndrome
f) Bowel obstruction
g) Hypothyroidism
h) Inadequate toilet facilities

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9
Q

Gastric acid secretion decreases with aging which may cause

A

pernicious anemia (interferes with absorption of B12), iron deficiency anemia, malabsorption of calcium

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10
Q

SD: Abdomen list

A

1) Appetite
2) Dysphagia
3) food intolerance
4) abdominal pain
5) N/V
6) bowel habits
7) past abd history
8) meds
9) nutritional assessment

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11
Q

Liver size and aging

A

decreases by 25% between the ages of 20-70

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12
Q

pyrosis

A

heart burn

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13
Q

visceral abdominal pain

A

may be from and internal organ (dull, general, poorly localized)

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14
Q

parietal

A

inflammation overlying the peritoneum (sharp, precisely localized, aggravated by movement.)

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15
Q

pain of the duodenal ulcers occurs

A

2-3 hours after a meal and is relieved by more food

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16
Q

Hematemesis

A

vommitting of blood occurs with stomach or duodenal ulcers, and esophageal carices

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17
Q

Nutritional assessment is done via

A

24 hour recall

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18
Q

OD: Aging Adult

A

assess risk for nutritional deficit: limited access to grocery store, income, cooking facilities, decrease mobility, living along.

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19
Q

OD: Inspection

A

have client supine/arms by side/pillow under head and under knees

a) Contour: flat; scaphoid; rounded; protuberant
b) Symmetry
c) Umbilicus
d) Skin
e) Pulsation or movement
f) Hair distribution
g) Demeanor

20
Q

Scaphoid abdomen

A

caves in

21
Q

Auscultation: Bowel sounds

A

character, frequency. Normal: high-pitched, gurgling, cascading
Hyperactive: loud, high-pitched, rushing, tinkling
Hypoactive: infrequent normal sounds

22
Q

Auscultation: Vascular sounds

A

firmer pressure with stethoscope; listen for bruits over aorta, renal arteries, iliac arteries, femoral arteries (esp. in clients with hypertension)
Note: location, pitch, timing

23
Q

Percussion: used

A

used to assess relative density of abdominal contents; locate organs; screen for abdominal fluid or masses.

24
Q

Percussion: general tympany

A

move clockwise; tympany should predominate

25
Q

as·ci·tes

A

the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling.

26
Q

skin is glistening, taut and stria with

A

ascities

27
Q

cutaneous angiomas occur with

A

portal hypertension or liver disease

28
Q

hepatic portal vien

A

is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.

29
Q

prominent dilated veins occurs with portal

A

portal hypertension, cirrhosis, ascites or vena cava obstruction

30
Q

hyperactive sounds of the bowel

A

are loud, high pitched, rushing, tinkling, sounds that signals increase motility

31
Q

hypoactive or abscent sounds of bowerl

A

follow abd surgery or with inflammation of the peritoneuim

32
Q

percussion: Liver span

A

will note change from tympany to dull sounds

33
Q

Percussion: splenic dullness

A

percussing for dull note from 9th - 11th intercostal spaces just behind the left midaxillary line

34
Q

Percussion: CVAT

A

indirect firs percussion over 12th rib at the DVA

35
Q

CVAT (costovertebral angle tenderness) sharp pain occurs with

A

inflammation of the kidney or paranephric area

36
Q

palpation:

A

used to judge size, location, and consistency of certain organs; to screen for

37
Q

light palpation

A

1st four fingers; gentle rotary motion; sliding finger and skin together; depress 1 cm

38
Q

deep palpation

A

using same technique as light; depress 5-8cm

39
Q

palpate identified tender areas

A

during last exam

40
Q

large or obese abdomen use

A

bimanual technique

41
Q

If mass is identified note

A

a) Location
b) Size
c) Shape
d) Consistency (soft, firm, hard)
e) Surface (smooth, nodular)
f) Mobility (including movement with respirations)
g) Pulsatility
h) Tenderness

42
Q

where do you start when auscultation bowel sounds? Why?

A

RLQ at the ileocecal valve area because bowel sounds normally are always present here

43
Q

listening in all four quadrants

A

is usually not necessary and do not count number of sounds

44
Q

bor·bo·ryg·mus

A

a rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines

45
Q

tymphany

A

A hollow drum-like sound that is produced when a gas-containing cavity is tapped sharply

46
Q

generally tymphany

A

first percuss lightly in all four quadrants move clockwise

HealthAss#3 (4 decks)

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