ch. 21

Question 1

overview of industrial revolution

Answer 1

machines began to replace human and animal power in the manufacturing of goods.

Question 2

commercial revolution

Answer 2

brought about the age of explploration

Question 3

rise of capitalism

Answer 3

increased use of the surplus money for investment in ventures to make a profit

Question 4

flying shuttle

Answer 4

enabled weaver to throw shuttle back and forth between threads with one hand

Question 5

spinning jenny

Answer 5

mechanized the spinning wheel

Question 6

water freame

Answer 6

improved thread spinning

Question 7

spinning mule

Answer 7

combined the best features of the spinning jenny and the water frame

Question 8

agricultural revolution

Answer 8

vital to the industrial revolution supply of cheap and abundant labor emerged as the enclosure movement forced many landless farmers to move towns and cities , revolution in agriculture made it possible for fewer farmers to feed large numbers

Question 9

colonial empire

Answer 9

gave Britain access to raw materials

Question 10

role of gov

Answer 10

gov was sympathetic to industrial development

Question 11

stable gov

Answer 11

successful outcome of wars did not leave england devastated, rise of house of commons became an instrument of middle class to gain gov cooperation and secure middle class loyalty

Question 12

bubble act

Answer 12

repealed which again allowed for the creation of joint stock companies

Question 13

lowes act

Answer 13

allowed for the limited liability for business owners

Question 14

navigation acts and corn laws

Answer 14

decreased mercantilism’s stifling effect in certain industries.

Question 15

growing demand for textiles

Answer 15

led to creation of worlds first large factories: proto industrialization, steam engine, metallurgical industries, etc

Question 16

steam engine and coal

Answer 16

coal powered steam engines , england produced 2/3 worlds coal

Question 17

james watt

Answer 17

invented and patented the first efficient steam engine

Question 18

heavy industry

Answer 18

the manufacture of machinery and materials used in production

Question 19

henry cort

Answer 19

developed puddling furnace; england produced more than half the worlds iron

Question 20

transportation revolution

Answer 20

made possible by steam power

Question 21

robert fulton

Answer 21

steamboat

Question 22

george stephenson

Answer 22

made railway locomotive successful

Question 23

proletariat

Answer 23

factory workers newly emerged group in society

Question 24

poorhouses

Answer 24

provided work to those who were unemployed

Question 25

luddities

Answer 25

group of violent workers who blamed industrialism for threatening their jobs

Question 26

combination acts

Answer 26

parliament prohibited labor unions, reaction to fear of radicalism in the french revolution, widely disregarded by workers, repealed and unions became more tolerated after 1825

Question 27

robert owen

Answer 27

scottish industrialist who pioneered industrial relations by combining firm discipline with a concern for the health, safety and work hours of workers

Question 28

chartists

Answer 28

sought political democracy

Question 29

changes in working conditions

Answer 29

factory work meant more discipline and lost personal freedom

Question 30

child labor exploition

Answer 30

more agricultural workers became weavers as they were paid relatively well, english factories scared off many potential workers as they resembled the poorhouse, factory owners thus turned to child labor

Question 31

saddler commission

Answer 31

investigated working conditions helped initiate legislation to imporve conditions in facories

Question 32

factory act

Answer 32

limited workday, prohibited hiring children under nine, children employment declined

Question 33

mines act

Answer 33

prohibited all boys and girls underage 10 from working underground