CH. 21

Question 1

Industrialization drove changes in

Answer 1

1. Labor practices
2. Economic ideologies
3. Emergence of a new working class of people
4. The mass migration of laborers to the urban centers

Question 2

What led to the key inventions which drove the development of the industrial revolution

Answer 2

Textile industry

Question 3

A Scottish engineer developed an efficient steam engine in 1776

Answer 3

James Watt

Question 4

England became the first site of the Industrial revolution for 3 key factors

Answer 4

1. Private investment capital from overseas trade and commercial profits
2. Access to raw materials, namely cotton
3. Necessary natural resources at home such as coal and iron

Question 5

Working class referred to

Answer 5

Laborers in the new factories

Question 6

Labor unions goal will always be

Answer 6

Safe and sanitary working conditions, a decent wage, and standard work week

Question 7

Urbanization

Answer 7

The growth of towns and cities due to the movement of people from rural to urban areas

Question 8

Because people didn’t understand the causes of cholera and typhus epidemics

Answer 8

Authorities in most European countries set up public health agencies to coordinate and study sanitation conditions in cites

Question 9

In the 1830s, cities half the populations depended on _____________ to make ends meet

Answer 9

Public welfare, charity or criminality

Question 10

Charles Dickens books reflect the difficult times

Answer 10

Oliver Twist
A Christmas Carol

Question 11

Reformers depicted the lower classes as

Answer 11

Drunken, disorderly, and dangerously lacking in sexual control

Question 12

A coherent set of beliefs about the way the social and political order should be organized

Answer 12

Ideology

Question 13

A people derive their identities from their nations, the most potent of the new ideologies.

Answer 13

Nationalism

Question 14

Socialism

Answer 14

Social, political and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources essential to society

Question 15

An ideology that advocates for the elimination/abolition of private property in favor of communal ownership

Answer 15

Communism

Question 16

In 1848, who published the communist manifesto

Answer 16

Karl Marx and Charles Engels

Question 17

Karl Marx central argument

Answer 17

Class struggle

Question 18

According to Marx, class inequality, the means of production

Answer 18

The haves vs the have nots

Question 19

Max and Engle envisioned workers

Answer 19

Taking over the means of production and eventual development of a communist state

Question 20

Charles Darwin English novelist in 1859

Answer 20

On the Origin of Species

Question 21

Primary mechanism of evolution

Answer 21

Natural selection

Question 22

Darwin’s theory primarily Applies

Answer 22

Plants and animals

Question 23

Theory wholeheartedly embraced it as undisputed facts

Answer 23

The academic elite

Question 24

Without _____, morality is never more fluid

Answer 24

Absolutes of Christianity

Question 25

The revolution of 1848

Answer 25

Food shortages, overpopulation and unemployment

Question 26

1 million died of starvation and disease, another 2 million migrated to England, Canada, and the U.S.

Answer 26

Ireland

Question 27

The new French republican government immediately issued several reforms.

Answer 27

1. End to the death penalty for political crimes 2. Abolished slavery in the colonies 3. Freedom of press 4. Universal male suffrage 5. First presidential election in French history

Question 28

In Frances first presidential election

Answer 28

Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 29

For the Germans, the goal of ________ took precedence over social reform or constitutional changes

Answer 29

Unification

Question 30

The revolution of 1848 brought to the surface the profound tensions within a European society in transition toward

Answer 30

Industrialization and Urbanization