CH 203 Midterm 1 Flashcards
Similarities between Marco Rubio and Costica Bradatan
-Both came from communist areas
-Both come from humble origins
Differences between Marco Rubio and Costica Bradatan
-Marco Rubio immigrant from Cuba, believes in hard-work ethic and American values
-Costica Bradatan immigrant from Romania, believes in attempt at utopia will bring us closer to failure
Marco Rubio’s view on U.S.A and success
-Has a debt to America to repay
-We should use this opportunity and not let it taken for granted
-We are children of people who didn’t give up
How is utopia the bad flipside of exceptionalism?
He describes it as fear of failure at the heart of the American dream.
What does John Winthrop mean by covenant with God?
We are in a covenant with God in order to be redeemed from Sin.
What does John Winthrop mean by City on a Hill?
A community that others will look up to.
Predestination: Elect/Election
Elect means pre chosen by God
Ex: If she provided food maybe she is an elect, not she did this therefore she earned being an elect
Self vs. Community and wealth
As a Puritan you are expected to give and help the community
Scourge and Work ethic
???
How is Mary Rowlandson an illustration of Puritan ideas
She perceives the Indians as mere instruments used by God to punish his people for breaking their special covenant as his chosen people
Mary Rowlandson bestseller in Revolutionary period and American story
First captivity narrative, read throughout N.E and popular during revolutionary period
How does she manages challenges as an author
She trusts in God through all the challenges “God’s power is as great as now, and as sufficient to save”
Deception of Native Americans
Scourge or Devil’s allies
Test of faith or proof of faith?
???
Meaning of food
Eats captive’s food, changes to being used to the food, able to eat without feeling nausea is viewed as a blessing from God
Puritan Crime and Punishment
-Trials created
-Spying (couldn’t live by yourself)
-Betty and Abigail first accused
-Sentenced to Rhode Island
How is Anne Hutchinson accused
-Breaking 5th Commandment
-Holding Improper meetings
-Speaking ill of Puritan ministers
How does Anne Hutchinson defend herself
-Sarcastic
-Composed and knowledge of the Bible
Great Awakening
-Increasing Wealth and Population
-Limited number of official ministers
-1/5 going to Church
New vs. Old Lights
New Lights: Those who adopted new ideas
Old Lights: Those who kept old ideas/traditions
How does Edward’s God feel about different sections of society?
-Intellectual faith not enough, being moved emotionally and aesthetically
Key aspects of Enlightenment Thought
-Rational thinking (less religious more secular)
-Science
-Man = thinking animal
-Overthrow old systems
“Common Sense” style of argument
-Scientific / persuasive / stating facts
Common sense Law as king
To the individual the law is king
Crevecoeur “What is an American” Melting pot
-We as a nation have many different people and ideologies
Crevecoeur “What is an American” Safety value
-Moving to the west provides safety and shapes American identity
Crevecoeur “What is an American” Regionalism
Men are like plants - the goodness and flavor of the fruit from the peculiar soil and exposition causes them to grow
Crevecoeur “What is an American” view of individualism/self-interest
A county of/for the poor
Crevecoeur “What is an American” Ideal of the farmer
Farmers take pride in the small little things (“simplest log-houses is dry and comfortable habitation”) and work hard
Crevecoeur “What is an American” Poverty and citizenship
Most Americans are selfishness, litigiousness, pride of freemen
Shay’s Rebellion
-Poor farmers, farms seized for bankruptcy, didn’t want to pay taxes
-Attempt to capture armory and overthrow gov’t
Know The Preamble: “Ordain and Establish”
-Establishment referred to churches
-Establishment refers to churches in the colones those support by taxes
Distinguish The Declaration from The Constitution
-Revoltionary vs. Establishment
-Rhetorical vs. Technical
-Breaking away from Gov’t vs. setting up Gov’t
-Idealistic vs Practical
-Beautiful vs. Procedural
Could most Americans vote once The Constitution was ratified?
-No, limited to property-owning or tax-paying white males
Arguments Abigail Adams use:
“Remember the Ladies,” “All men would be tyrants if they could”
3/5 Compromise
3 out of 5 slaves were counted in voting
What is Article 5 of the Constitution?
Whenever 2/3rd’s of both Houses deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to the Constitution
Is Slavery Written into the Constitution
The word slave is not written into The Constitution, recieved protections in the Constitution until date.
Phillis Whealty significance for pro- and anti-slavery movement
-First Black Poet in English
-Used by pro-slavery and anti-slavery advocates to prove authorship
Popularity/fame of Phillis Wheatley
-Gains international fame and freedom but causes her to be put on trial
Phillis Wheatley interactions with Jefferson, Washington, Franklin, why was she so significant at this time?
Jefferson: blacks were inferior to whites
Washington: elegant poet
Franklin: Offered services and enjoyed ???
Enlightenment carveouts: women, children, Africans (Difference w/ children)
-John Locke said children are like white paper, void of ideas
-Women and Africans are “childlike”
-Locked on enslaved African: “absolute dominion”
How does Wheatley attempt to write herself into the Enlightenment? (Childhood and Patriot?)
-Confronted mothers grieving for their children ??
-Encouraged Washington to keep fighting for America
How does Franklin position himself as an American figure, a figure to replicate, and an Enlightenment figure?
-He started out in poverty and obscurity and made something out of himself
-Due to good fortune people are able to replicate
Ben Franklin Idea of self made man
-Overcoming challenges
-Superiority (moral, work, ethic, skill/intelligence)
Ben Franklin Importance as literary document
First ever “habit tracker” or “self improvement person”
Ben Franklin Entry to Philly
-Arrived to philly dirty from his journey
-Helped create many things like hospitals and libraries
Ben Franklin possible critiques?
-Was a bad father / husband
-Neglected family for work ?
Watch, Chart and Schedule, how are they characteristics of enlightenment
Helped people improve themselves, think for themselves, work on themselves ???
How Puritan work ethic continues in more secular age
“Franklin’s foils” / Hard work and diligence is pleasing God
Nat Turner’s Rebellion, what lesson do whites take away from this? Slaveholders? Abolitionisits?
-200 dead, 60 whites
-Led to new laws about slavery (fugitive slave act)
Fugitive Slave Law, how does this change things for Northerners and why is it a threat for Douglass
They can now persue slaves if they escape, fines and jails for slaves who run away, it was a threat to him because of assisting slaves became much more dangerous
Author photographs vs. slave photographs
-Photographs allowed Douglass to present himself as a person worthy of respect equal to white man
Black Message/White Envelope
-Message of slavery and told story without elaboration leaving philosophy to white speakers
Frederick Douglass parallels to Franklin
Both went from “rags-to-riches”
Aunt Hester
-Douglass’s aunt was beaten and affected Douglass greatly
-Mental initiation into horror of slavery
Scenes of Writing in Frederick Douglass
-“expression of feeling has already found its way down my cheek”
Body vs. Mind Frederick Douglass
-“expression of feeling has already found its way down my cheek” ??
Douglass’s Writing Style, how does he describe the details of his escape
-Chiasmus (concepts repeated in order)
-Maxims (statement stating general truth (penny saved is penny earned)
-Apostrophe (talks to imaginary thing as if it were a person)
-Dark and tricky (mind games vs captor)
How did Romanticism respond to the Enlightenment? Characteristics?
What are the cultural/economic/historic contexts these authors are pushing against?
-Soul vs. outward behavior
Individualism vs Social Norms
-Conformity, Anti-Consumerism (Utopian communities)
What is Transcendentalism?
-Individual as Divine
-God as benevolent
-Nature as pathway to divine
A Plea for JB as example of Thoreau’s principles
-You have no peers
-Take matters into your own hands
For Thoreau, where does this social critic stand in relation to society?
???
Raid at Harper’s Ferry
JB and 22 men raid arsenal to provoke slave rebellion
Who does Thoreau compare JB to?
Jesus Christ
How does Thoreau discuss government
Negative, take matters into your own hands to motivate change
Poe’s biography as Romantic
-Struggles with authority
-SCientific skeptic
-Did not like Transcendentalist hippies
How does his writing critique enlightenment?
-Skeptical of democracy, leans towards aristocracy
What version of Europe/the past does he express?
Romantic view of the past
Washington vs. Du Bois Differences
-Washington wanted to negotiate with white leaders
-Du Bois wanted total segregation (extreme)
Washington vs. Du Bois Similarities
-Both worked against opposed racially motivated violence
How does self making and self help look for Black Americans after reconstruction?
Gave them more rights ??
