CH 20: Pathology

Question 1

parenteral administration

Answer 1

injection of drug from a syringe (tube) through a hollow needle placed under skin, muscle, vein, body cavity

Question 2

types of parenteral administration

Answer 2

1. intracavitary instillation
2. intradermal injection
3. subcutaneous (hypodermic) injection, SC
4. intramuscular injection (IM)
5. intrathecal instillation
6. intravenous injection (IV)
7. pumps

Question 3

intracavitary instillation

Answer 3

injection in body cavity

Question 4

intradermal injection

Answer 4

shallow injection used for skin testing i.e. allergic reactions

Question 5

subcutaneous hypodermic injection, SC

Answer 5

below skin injection i.e. insulin

Question 6

intramuscular injection , IM

Answer 6

buttock or upper arm used, large volume

Question 7

intrathecal instillation

Answer 7

instillation between spinal cord and brain

Question 8

intravenous injection, IV

Answer 8

directly into vein

Question 9

pumps

Answer 9

continuous administration of drugs by subcutaneous or intravenous route

Question 10

topical application

Answer 10

drugs applied locally to skin or mucous membranes

1. antiseptic: against infection
2. antiprurities: against itching
3. transdermal patches: continuously through skin

Question 11

Classes of drugs

Answer 11

1. analgesics
2. antibiotics and antiviral
3. anticoagulants and anti platelet drugs
4. anticonvulsants
5. antidepressants and anti-alzheimer drugs
6. antidiabetic
7. antihistamines
8. anti osteoporosis drugs
9. cardiovascular drugs
10. endocrine drugs
11. gastrointestinal drugs
12. respiratory drugs
13. sedative hypnotics
14. stimulants
15. tranquilizers

Question 12

analgesics

Answer 12

to reduce pain

Question 13

anesthetic

Answer 13

sensation of pain

ie: general or local anesthesia

Question 14

antibiotics and antivirals

Answer 14

baceriostatic (inhibit)

bactericidal (kills)

Question 15

anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs

Answer 15

prevent clotting, or break up clots in blood vessels i.e.: thrombosis and embolism
- heparin, warfarin (coumadin)
tPA: tissue type plasminogen activator

Question 16

antidiabetics

Answer 16

ie: sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha glucosidase inhibitors etc

Question 17

endocrine drugs

Answer 17

act like endogenous hormones

Question 18

gastrointestinal drugs

Answer 18

often used to relived uncomfortable and potentially dangerous symptoms, rather than as cures for specific diseases

Question 19

respiratory drugs

Answer 19

used to treat asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm

Question 20

sedative hypnotics

Answer 20

sedative hypnotic meds depress CNS and promote drowsiness (sedatives) and sleep (hypnotics)

Question 21

stimulants

Answer 21

act on brain to speed up vital processes (heart and respiration) in cases of shock and collapse

Question 22

tranquilizers

Answer 22

used to control anxiety

Question 23

cardiovascular drugs

Answer 23

act on heart or blood vessels to treat HTN, angina (pain due to decreased oxygen delivery to heart muscle), myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias

Question 24

antihistamines

Answer 24

drugs block the action of histamine, which is normally released in body in allergic reaction