CH 20: Pathology Flashcards
parenteral administration
injection of drug from a syringe (tube) through a hollow needle placed under skin, muscle, vein, body cavity
types of parenteral administration
- intracavitary instillation
- intradermal injection
- subcutaneous (hypodermic) injection, SC
- intramuscular injection (IM)
- intrathecal instillation
- intravenous injection (IV)
- pumps
intracavitary instillation
injection in body cavity
intradermal injection
shallow injection used for skin testing i.e. allergic reactions
subcutaneous hypodermic injection, SC
below skin injection i.e. insulin
intramuscular injection , IM
buttock or upper arm used, large volume
intrathecal instillation
instillation between spinal cord and brain
intravenous injection, IV
directly into vein
pumps
continuous administration of drugs by subcutaneous or intravenous route
topical application
drugs applied locally to skin or mucous membranes
- antiseptic: against infection
- antiprurities: against itching
- transdermal patches: continuously through skin
Classes of drugs
- analgesics
- antibiotics and antiviral
- anticoagulants and anti platelet drugs
- anticonvulsants
- antidepressants and anti-alzheimer drugs
- antidiabetic
- antihistamines
- anti osteoporosis drugs
- cardiovascular drugs
- endocrine drugs
- gastrointestinal drugs
- respiratory drugs
- sedative hypnotics
- stimulants
- tranquilizers
analgesics
to reduce pain
anesthetic
sensation of pain
ie: general or local anesthesia
antibiotics and antivirals
baceriostatic (inhibit)
bactericidal (kills)
anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs
prevent clotting, or break up clots in blood vessels i.e.: thrombosis and embolism
- heparin, warfarin (coumadin)
tPA: tissue type plasminogen activator
antidiabetics
ie: sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha glucosidase inhibitors etc
endocrine drugs
act like endogenous hormones
gastrointestinal drugs
often used to relived uncomfortable and potentially dangerous symptoms, rather than as cures for specific diseases
respiratory drugs
used to treat asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm
sedative hypnotics
sedative hypnotic meds depress CNS and promote drowsiness (sedatives) and sleep (hypnotics)
stimulants
act on brain to speed up vital processes (heart and respiration) in cases of shock and collapse
tranquilizers
used to control anxiety
cardiovascular drugs
act on heart or blood vessels to treat HTN, angina (pain due to decreased oxygen delivery to heart muscle), myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias
antihistamines
drugs block the action of histamine, which is normally released in body in allergic reaction
