ch 20- carboxylic acids and derivatives

Question 1

NaCN

Answer 1

alkyl halide –> nitrile (hydrolysis of nitrile –> carboxylic acid)

Question 2

1) Mg
2) CO2
3) H3O+

Answer 2

alkyl halide –> carboxylic acid with +1 C atom

Question 3

1) LiAlH4
2) H3O+

Answer 3

reducing agent. ket/ald/esters/carboxylic acids –> alcohols. amide –> amine

Question 4

SOCl2

Answer 4

carboxylic acid –> acid halide.
amide –> nitrile

Question 5

ROH

Answer 5

weak nu/ weak base. acid chloride or acid anhydride –> ester

Question 6

NH3

Answer 6

base/nu. acid chloride or acid anhydride –> amide

Question 7

RNH2

Answer 7

base/nu. acid chloride or acid anhydride –> amide

Question 8

1) xs RMgBr
2) H3O+

Answer 8

acid chloride/anhydride/ester –> alcohol.
nitrile –> ketone

Question 9

R2CuLi

Answer 9

weak nu. acid chloride –> ketone.
N/R with ketones or esters

Question 10

1) LiAl(OR)3H
2) H3O+

Answer 10

reducing agent. acid chloride or acid anhydride –> aldehyde

Question 11

1) DIBAH
2) H3O+

Answer 11

reducing agent. ester –> aldehyde

Question 12

H3O+

Answer 12

hydrolysis of acid chloride, anhydride, ester, amide, or nitrile –> carboxylic acid

Question 13

[H+], ROH

Answer 13

carboxylic acid –> ester (Fischer esterification)