Ch 20. & 21 Fill in the Blanks Flashcards
The only organs to filter lymph are?
Lymph Nodes
Most of the lymph enters the bloodstream into which vessel?
Left Subclavian Vein
The only lymphatic organ to filter blood is?
Spleen
The lymphatic organ that produces hormones and is involved in maturation of T lymphocytes is?
Thymus
The bactericidal enzyme secreted in mucus memranes is?
Lysozymes
The enzyme secreted by certain pathogens in that can dissolve the viscous ground substance in areolar tissue is?
Hyaluronidase
The release of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite ion, by neutrophils is referred to as a?
Respiratory burst
Type of leukocyte with anti-parasitic activity and is also linked to allergic response is?
eosinophil
Lymphocyte that is active in nonspecific attack against viral or bacterial infected cell?
Natural killer cells
Circulating leukocytes that are precursors to macrophage are?
monocytes
Inflammatory leukocytes that releases histamine and heparin and attracts other WBC’s to the area of inflammation?
Basophils
Process of leukocytes adhering to wall of blood vessel?
Margination
Process of leukocytes squeezing through capillary walls?
Diapedesis
Type of leukocyte that is quickest to respond and begin phagocytosis?
Neutrophil
Phagocytic leukocyte that is the second to respond to an area of infection? (8-12 hours)
Macrophage
Factor released by endothelial cells and platelets that stimulates fibroblasts to begin synthesizing collagen?
Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)
Polypeptide secreted by virally infected cells that has protective effect on surrounding cells?
Interferons
Group of 20 enzyme like proteins in the blood that enhance inflammation and antimicrobial activity?
complement system
Covering of bacterial surface that permits or enhances phagocytosis by macrophages?
Opsonization
Protein produced by macrophages that stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete PDE which leads to fever?
Pyrogen
Antibody mediated specific immunity?
humoral rsponse
Molecules that can evoke an immune response and are usually (but not always) proteins?
Antigens
Area on antibody that determines the class of the immunoglobin?
Heavy Chains region
Area on antibody that binds foreign materials?
antigen binding site
Class of antibody that is involved with secondary immune response and is the most abundant of the antibodies?
IgG
Class of antibodies involved in secretions such as tears, saliva, and intestine juices?
IgA
Class of antibody that is a pentameter and is involved in the initial immune response?
IgM
Antibody action that cases cells to clump together?
Agglutination
Antibody action that causes the antigen and antibody to form a solid particle that can be phagocytosed?
Precipitate
Antibody that covers that active site of an antigen so that it is not harmful?
Neutralization
Antibody action that activates 20 proteins in the nonspecific immune response?
Antigen Antibody reaction
Destruction of lymphocytes in the fetus that are self reactive?
Negative Selection
Term of lymphocytes that have developed antigen receptors in the fetus?
B-lymphocytes
Hormone like messengers between lymphocytes?
Interleukin
Type of lymphocyte involved in humoral immunity?
B-cell lymphocytes
Active antibody producing cells in blood?
Plasma Cells
Type of lymphocyte that is directly involved in attacking viral infected cells?
Killer T Cells
Type of lymphocyte that is involved in the activation of both the cell mediated and humoral immunity?
Helper T Cell
Type of cells that can activate B lymphocytes and Cytoxic T lymphocytes by bringing them antigen fragments?
APC’s
Type of mediated cell that forms clones for future exposure to antigens?
Memory Cells
Type of lymphocytes that can limit the attack of the immune system by releasing inhibiting lymphokines?
Suppressor T Cells
Type of self antigen found on macrophages and other APC’s?
MHC-||
Type of self antigen found on all nucleated cells?
MHC-|
Type of MHC antigen that is recognized by CD4 receptors?
Killer T Cells
Costimulator provided by helper T cells to cytotoxic T Cells?
Interleukin ||
Function of lymphotoxins produced by Killer T Cells?
Digests DNA
Chemical released by Killer T cells that punch holes in virally infected Cell?
Perferan Granules
Factor produced by killer T cells that destroys cells infected by cancer?
Tumor necrosis Factor
Type of T cell that slows down the immune response?
Suppressor T Cell
Type of immunity that is transmitted from mother to fetus
Natural Passive
Type of immunity that is developed from a vaccination?
Active Artificial
Type of immunity developed after having a disease?
Natural Active
Type of antibody involved in the Agglutination of red blood cells?
IgM
Enzyme used by retroviruses to plant genetic material of the virus into the host’s genome?
Reverse Transcriptase
