Ch. 2 Vocab Flashcards
Atoms
the basic unit of matter
Nucleus (of an atom)
the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons
Electron
negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus
Element
pure substance that consists of entirely of one type of atom
Isotope
one of several forms of a single element, which contains the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Ionic bond
chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom (donates) to another (accepts)
Compound
substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
Ion
atom that has a positive or negative charge
Covalent bond
type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared
Molecule
smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound
Van der Waals forces
slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
Hydrogen bond
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom [fluorine (F), oxygen (O), or Nitrogen (N)]
Solvent
dissolving substance in a solution
Suspension
mixture of water and nondissolved material
pH Scale
scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H + ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to below 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is a neutral, and a pH of above 7 to 14 is basic
Cohesion
attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion
face of attraction between different kinds of molecules
Mixture
material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
Solution
type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed
Solute
substance that is disabled in a solution
Acid
Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7
Base
compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH) in solution; solution with a pH of more than 7
Buffer
compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH
Monomer
small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
Polymer
molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
Carbohydrate
compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; types of nutrients that are the major source of energy to the body
Lipid
macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
Nucleotide
sub unit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Nucleic Acid
macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and a phosphorous
Protein
macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
Amino Acid
compared with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
Chemical Reaction
process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
Reactant
elements or compound that enter into a chemical reactions
Product
elements or compounds produced by chemical reactions
Activation Energy
energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin
Catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Enzyme
protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions
Substrate
reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
