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Developmental Psychology PSY2523 > CH: 2, Theories of Human Development > Flashcards

CH: 2, Theories of Human Development Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 4 major issues addressed in human development?

A
  1. nature-nuture
  2. activity-passivity
  3. continuity-discontinuty
  4. universality-context specificity
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2
Q

What is the most important and complex issue in the study of human development?

  1. nature-nuture
  2. activity-passivity
  3. continuity-discontinuty
  4. universality-context specificity
A

nature-nuture

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3
Q

focuses on the extent to which human beings are active in creating and influencing their own environments and in the process producing their own development

  1. nature-nuture
  2. activity-passivity
  3. continuity-discontinuty
  4. universality-context specificity
A
  1. activity-passivity
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4
Q
  • they believe the stages they propose are universal
    1. nature-nuture
    2. activity-passivity
    3. continuity-discontinuty
    4. universality-context specificity
A
  1. universality-context specificity
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5
Q
  • concerns whether changes are qualitative or quantitative in nature
    1. nature-nuture
    2. activity-passivity
    3. continuity-discontinuty
    4. universality-context specificity
A
  1. continuity-discontinuty
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6
Q
  • stress importance of individuals genetic make up, universal maturation processes guided by genes, or biologically based predispositions
    1. nature-nuture
    2. activity-passivity
    3. continuity-discontinuty
    4. universality-context specificity
A
  1. nature-nuture
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7
Q
  • the extent to which developmental changes are common to all humans or are different across cultures, subcultures, task contacts and individuals
    1. nature-nuture
    2. activity-passivity
    3. continuity-discontinuty
    4. universality-context specificity
A
  1. universality-context specificity
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8
Q
  • focuses on whether the changes people undergo over the lifespan are gradual or abrupt
    1. nature-nuture
    2. activity-passivity
    3. continuity-discontinuty
    4. universality-context specificity
A
  1. continuity-discontinuty
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9
Q
  • they believe the stages they propose are universal
    1. nature-nuture
    2. activity-passivity
    3. continuity-discontinuty
    4. universality-context specificity
A
  1. universality-context specificity
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10
Q

What are the 3 elements of the human personality according to Freud?

A

id, ego, and superego,

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11
Q

Freud’s personality theory the rational side of the individual that tries to find realistic ways of gratifying instincts

  1. id,
  2. ego,
  3. superego,
A

ego

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12
Q

Freud’s personality theory the individuals internalized moral standards

  1. id,
  2. ego,
  3. superego,
A
  1. superego,
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13
Q

Freud’s personality theory the impulsive irrational and selfish part of the personality whose mission is to satisfy the instincts

  1. id,
  2. ego,
  3. superego,
A

id

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14
Q

5 psychosexual stages

A

-oral
-anal
phallic
-latent
-genital

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15
Q

Freud proposed that personality development in childhood takes place during five psychosexual stages, which are the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

What stage is 3-6

  • oral stage
  • anal stage
  • phallic stage
  • latent stage
  • genital stage
A

phallic stage

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16
Q

Freud proposed that personality development in childhood takes place during five psychosexual stages, which are the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

What stage is 6-12 years

  • oral stage
  • anal stage
  • phallic stage
  • latent stage
  • genital stage
A

latent stage

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17
Q

Freud proposed that personality development in childhood takes place during five psychosexual stages, which are the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

What stage is 1-3 years

  • oral stage
  • anal stage
  • phallic stage
  • latent stage
  • genital stage
A

anal stage

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18
Q

Freud proposed that personality development in childhood takes place during five psychosexual stages, which are the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

What stage is birth - 1 year

  • oral stage
  • anal stage
  • phallic stage
  • latent stage
  • genital stage
A

oral stage

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19
Q

Freud proposed that personality development in childhood takes place during five psychosexual stages, which are the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

What stage is 12 years and older

  • oral stage
  • anal stage
  • phallic stage
  • latent stage
  • genital stage
A

genital stage

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20
Q

Erik Erikson’s (1958, 1963) psychosocial development theory proposes that our personality develops through eight stages, from infancy to old age.

During the birth - 1 year which of the following stages?

Industry vs. Inferiority

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Trust vs mistrust

Initiative vs guilt

Intimacy vs Isolation

Identity vs. role confusion

Integrity vs. despair

Generativity vs. stagnation

A

Trust vs mistrust

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21
Q

Erik Erikson’s (1958, 1963) psychosocial development theory proposes that our personality develops through eight stages, from infancy to old age.

During the 12 - 20 years which of the following stages?

Industry vs. Inferiority

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Trust vs mistrust

Initiative vs guilt

Intimacy vs Isolation

Identity vs. role confusion

Integrity vs. despair

Generativity vs. stagnation

A

Identity vs. role confusion

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22
Q

Erik Erikson’s (1958, 1963) psychosocial development theory proposes that our personality develops through eight stages, from infancy to old age.

During the 1-3 years which of the following stages?

Industry vs. Inferiority

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Trust vs mistrust

Initiative vs guilt

Intimacy vs Isolation

Identity vs. role confusion

Integrity vs. despair

Generativity vs. stagnation

A

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

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23
Q

Erik Erikson’s (1958, 1963) psychosocial development theory proposes that our personality develops through eight stages, from infancy to old age.

During the 6-12 years which of the following stages?

Industry vs. Inferiority

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Trust vs mistrust

Initiative vs guilt

Intimacy vs Isolation

Identity vs. role confusion

Integrity vs. despair

Generativity vs. stagnation

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

24
Q

Erik Erikson’s (1958, 1963) psychosocial development theory proposes that our personality develops through eight stages, from infancy to old age.

During the 3-6 years which of the following stages?

Industry vs. Inferiority

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Trust vs mistrust

Initiative vs guilt

Intimacy vs Isolation

Identity vs. role confusion

Integrity vs. despair

Generativity vs. stagnation

A

Initiative vs guilt

25
Q

Erik Erikson’s (1958, 1963) psychosocial development theory proposes that our personality develops through eight stages, from infancy to old age.

During the 65 years and older which of the following stages?

Industry vs. Inferiority

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Trust vs mistrust

Initiative vs guilt

Intimacy vs Isolation

Identity vs. role confusion

Integrity vs. despair

Generativity vs. stagnation

A

Integrity vs. despair

26
Q

Erik Erikson’s (1958, 1963) psychosocial development theory proposes that our personality develops through eight stages, from infancy to old age.

During the 40-65 years which of the following stages?

Industry vs. Inferiority

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Trust vs mistrust

Initiative vs guilt

Intimacy vs Isolation

Identity vs. role confusion

Integrity vs. despair

Generativity vs. stagnation

A

Generativity vs. stagnation

27
Q

Erik Erikson’s (1958, 1963) psychosocial development theory proposes that our personality develops through eight stages, from infancy to old age.

During the 20-40 years which of the following stages?

Industry vs. Inferiority

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Trust vs mistrust

Initiative vs guilt

Intimacy vs Isolation

Identity vs. role confusion

Integrity vs. despair

Generativity vs. stagnation

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

28
Q

Freud is known for his __________ theory, and Erikson is known for his __________ theory.

A

psychosexual

psychosocial

29
Q

Unlike Freud’s thoughts that ________ had an important role, Erikson placed more importance to the _________ demands on a child.

A

maturation

cultural

30
Q

T/F There are two major differences between Freud and Erikson’s theories.

A

True

31
Q

Erikson focuses on this rather than sexual development, disagrees with Freud completely on this topic.

A

Social Development

32
Q

true identities form in the ____

A

20

33
Q

How long did Erikson believe social development lasted?

A

life time

34
Q

Founded this theory and people believed him because he was a doctor. Had no background in psychology.

A

Freud

35
Q

What can happens if at the Oral stage, there is either too much or too little gratification can result in

A

oral fixation

36
Q

Freud believed Oral Fixation would lead to personality problems such as

A

mistrust of others, rejecting others, love and fear or inability of intimate relationships.

37
Q

In terms of Personality Freud believed at the Anal stage an anal fixation may lead to

A

obsession to cleanliness, perfection, power and control which is an example of Anal Retentive.

38
Q

What is Anal Expulsive?

A

Anal expulsive is the opposite of Anal Retentive, where an individual can develop a messy and disorganized personality.

39
Q

Sigmund Freud coined the statement, “ the ego is dependent on the

A
40
Q

What stage may have a Conflict or Challenge in sexual relationships, friendship, leisure, career development and psychological balance?

A

Genital stage

41
Q

What stage may have a Conflict or Challenge in development of social skills, communication skills and self-confidence?

A

Latency Stage

42
Q

What stage has a fixation with being messy, sloppy, prone to tantrums and outbursts?

A

Anal stage, in this stage being messy or sloppy is also known as being Anal Expulsive.

43
Q

What stage has a fixation with conversationally aggressive, sarcastic, biting and possessive of others?

A

Oral Stage

44
Q

What stage has a fixation with being stingy, saving, and being orderly

A

Anal stage, in this stage being stingy is also known as being Anal Rententive

45
Q

What stage has a fixiation in willing to swallow anything, overly concerned with obtaining goods, information, or knowledge.

A

Oral Stage

46
Q

Age 12 to Maturity is what Psychosexual Stage?

A
47
Q

Age 6 to Age 12 is what Psychosexual Stage?

A

Latency

48
Q

Age 4 to Age 5 is what Psychosexual Stage?

A

phallic

49
Q

Age 2 to Age 3 is what Psychosexual Stage?

A

anal

50
Q

Birth to Age 2 is what Psychosexual Stage?

A

oral

51
Q

What are some of the Criticisms of Freud’s Psychosexual stages?

A
  1. Few of Freud’s proposals about developmental processes can be tested using scientific method.
  2. The theory reflects the social structures and biases of the Era in which Freud lived and are no longer relevant.
  3. Theory has been criticized for being sexist.
52
Q

Freud believed people seek counseling when these three stages of development were not appropriately resolved, what are they

A

Oral,
Anal and
Phallic

53
Q

begins with the onset of Puberty, sexual urges are awakened again, directs their sexual urges to opposite sex peers, focus of pleasure is the genitals.

A

genital stage

54
Q

is a time of little sexual interest in Freud’s developmental view. This stage is characterized with peer activities, academic and social learning and development of physical skills.

A

Latency Stage, six to Puberty

55
Q

Fixation at the Phallic stage may result an individual to become a

A

Sexual deviant, where there was overindulgence or avoidance during this stage, may also cause weak or confused sexual identity.

56
Q

Which complex describes desires of the father and sees the mother as competition?

A

Electra Complex, and in competition with the mother the female learns the traditional female roles.

57
Q

Which complex describes desires of the mother and fears castration?

A

Oedipus Complex, and in order to create an ally of the father, the male learns traditional male roles.

Developmental Psychology PSY2523 (1 decks)

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